Table 1.
Bacterium or bacterial PAMP | Type of cell |
GSK3β Inhibition: + pSer9 |
NF-κB Inhibition ↓ NF-kB Activation ↑ Not tested - | Pro or anti- inflammatory molecules Expressed | Pro or anti-inflammatory molecules Inhibited | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GSK3β Activation: - pSer9 or + pTyr216 | ||||||
LPS |
Human monocytes |
+pSer9 |
↓ |
IL-10 |
IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, IL-12, IFN-α |
[10,27] |
LPS |
Human monocytes |
+pSer9 |
- |
IL-1Ra |
IL-1β |
[28] |
Mycobacterium bovis |
Primary human monocytes |
+pSer9 |
- |
IL-10 |
IFN-γ |
[30] |
Muramyl dipeptide |
Human embryonic kidney epithelial cells |
+pSer9 |
↓ |
- |
IL-8 |
[31] |
LPS |
Neonatal mouse cardiac cells |
|
↓ |
- |
TNF-α |
[36] |
LPS |
Mice macrophages |
+ pSer9 |
- |
IFNβ |
- |
[37] |
Burkholderia cenocepacia |
Human monocytes and mouse macrophages |
+ pSer9 |
↑ |
TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 |
- |
[38] |
Pam3Cysb and IFN-γ |
Human macrophages |
- pSer9 |
- |
TNFα |
IL-10 |
[39] |
Staphylococcus aureus |
Murine microglia |
+ pTyr216 |
↑ |
TNF-α, NO |
IL10 |
[40] |
LPS |
Murine microglia |
A |
↑ |
TNF-α |
- |
[41] |
Salmonella typhimurium |
Mouse colonic epithelial cells |
- pSer9; + pTyr216 |
↑ |
TNF-α, IL-6 |
- |
[33] |
IFN-γ and LPS |
Murine macrophages |
+ pTyr216 |
- |
iNOS, NO |
IL-10 |
[42] |
IFN-γ and LPS | Mouse primary microglia and astrocytes | A | - | IL-6, CXCL1, IL-12p40, CCL9, CCL2/MCP-1, P- Selectin,CCL5 | CXCL2, MIP2 | [43] |
A GSK3β phosphorylation at Ser9 or Tyr216 was not analyzed.
b Synthetic PAMP.