Table 1.
Basic characteristics of study subjects (n = 513)
| Variable | Mean | Male (n = 266) | Female (n = 247) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) |
59.1 ± 7.0 |
59.3 ± 6.9* |
58.8 ± 7.0 |
0.226 |
| Hypertension, n (%) |
146 (28.5) |
85 (32.0) |
61(24.7) |
0.069 |
| Diabetes, n (%) |
49 (9.6) |
28 (10.5) |
21 (8.5) |
0.436 |
| Waist circumference (cm) |
80.0 ± 8.6 |
84.0 ± 7.6 |
75.6 ± 7.3 |
< 0.001 |
| Central obesity, n (%) |
114 (22.2) |
50 (18.8) |
64 (25.9) |
0.053 |
| Hip circumference (cm) |
92.5 ± 5.4 |
92.4 ± 5.3 |
92.6 ± 5.4 |
0.692 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio (%) |
86.4 ± 7.2 |
91.7 ± 5.4 |
81.7 ± 5.9 |
< 0.001 |
| WHtR (%) |
49.8 ± 4.9 |
50.6 ± 4.5 |
48.9 ± 5.1 |
< 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) |
24.2 ± 3.0 |
24.5 ± 2.7 |
23.9 ± 3.0 |
0.005 |
| Body adiposity index |
27.6 ± 3.9 |
25.2 ± 2.7 |
30.1 ± 3.4 |
< 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
130 ± 19 |
128 ± 18 |
132 ± 20 |
0.007 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) |
76 ± 12 |
79 ± 11 |
72 ± 12 |
< 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mM) |
5.09 ± 0.92 |
4.97 ± 0.96 |
5.21 ± 0.85 |
0.001 |
| Total cholesterol ≥ 6.22 mM, n (%) |
52 (10.1) |
21 (7.9) |
31 (12.6) |
0.081 |
| HDL-C (mM) |
1.40 ± 0.39 |
1.28 ± 0.36 |
1.52 ± 0.39 |
< 0.001 |
| HDL-C < 0.9 mM in men or < 1.03 mM in women, n (%) |
128 (25.0) |
54 (20.3) |
74 (30.0) |
0.012 |
| Triglyceride (mM) |
1.33 ± 0.78 |
1.42 ± 0.85 |
1.22 ± 0.70 |
0.002 |
| Triglyceride ≥ 1.70 mM, n (%) |
121 (23.6) |
70 (26.3) |
51 (20.6) |
0.131 |
| Fasting glucose (mM) |
5.25 ± 1.08 |
5.29 ± 1.10 |
5.19 ± 1.05 |
0.127 |
| Fasting glucose ≥ 5.6 mM, n (%) |
95 (18.5) |
56 (21.1) |
39 (15.8) |
0.125 |
| MS-TW, n (%) |
105 (20.5) |
52 (19.5) |
53 (21.5) |
0.592 |
| LAP | 25.9 ± 21.6 | 23.0 ± 23.2 | 28.6 ± 19.3 | 0.001 |
*Values are mean ± standard deviation except otherwise denoted.
Central obesity: waist circumference ≥ 90 cm in males and ≥ 80 cm in females.
Body adiposity index: (hip circumference/height1.5) − 18.
Hypertension: subjects with a history of hypertension or using antihypertensive medications.
HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MS-TW: metabolic syndrome criteria for Taiwanese, WHtR waist-to-height ratio, BMI body mass index, LAP lipid accumulation product.