Table 2.

Assessment of patient scores (p) in eating-related and psychometric questionnaires.

	Patient A (45-year old)	Patient B (29-year old)	Normative data
Night-Eating Questionnaire (NEQ)	33	30	NEQ score > 25 “possible NES indicator”
			NEQ score > 30 “strong NES indicator”
			Allison et al. (2008)
Binge-eating scale (BES)	27	13	<17 no BED
			18–26 moderate BED
			>27 severe BED
			Gormally et al. (1982)
Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)			Males: n = 195
	RD: 15.00	RD: 22.00**	RD: 14.2 (3.7)
	NS: 25.00*	NS: 26.00*	NS: 18.7 (5.3)
	NS1: 11.00**	NS1: 11.00**	NS1: 5.9 (2.3)
	P: 3.00	P: 5.00	P: 4.5 (1.9)
	HA: 1.00*	HA: 15.00	HA: 12.4 (6.0)
	S: 32.00	S: 33.00	S: 34.4 (5.9)
	C: 37.00	C: 37.00	C: 32.8 (4.8)
	ST: 21.00*	ST: 24.00*	ST: 13.2 (6.3)
			Geneva population (unpublished data)
Sensation Seeking Scale Form V (SSSV)			Males: n = 410
	TAS: 9	TAS: 9	TAS: 7.7 (2.2)
	ES: 8*	ES: 8*	ES: 5.0 (2.3)
	DIS: 4	DIS: 8	DIS: 6.2 (2.4)
	BS: 6*	BS: 6*	BS: 3.7 (2.0)
			Zuckerman (1994)
BIS/BAS			Males: 18–29-year old, n = 277
		BIS: 20	BIS: 19.3 (3.5)
		BAS reward: 19*	BAS reward: 16.8 (1.9)
		BAS fun: 14	BAS fun: 12.3 (2.2)
		BAS drive: 8	BAS drive: 10.9 (2.3)
			Males: 40–49-year old, n = 336
	BIS: 10*		BIS: 20 (3.7)
	BAS reward: 19*		BAS reward: 16.1 (2.1)
	BAS fun: 12		BAS fun: 10.6 (2.2)
	BAS drive: 9		BAS drive: 10.3 (2.4)
			Jorm et al. (1999)

Normative data for TCI, SSSV, and BIS/BAS scales are represented by means (μ) and SD (σ). One asterisk (*) indicates results with z-score = μ − p/σ > 1, and two asterisks (**) indicate results with z-score = μ − p/σ > 1.96. BAS, behavioral approach system; BED, binge-eating disorder; BIS, behavioral inhibition system; BS, boredom susceptibility; C, cooperativeness; DIS, disinhibition; ES, experience seeking; HA, harm avoidance; NES, night-eating syndrome; NS, novelty seeking; NS1, exploratory excitability; P, persistence; RD, reward dependence; S, self-directedness; ST, self-transcendence; TAS, thrill and adventure seeking.