Table 3.
Methodological quality of systematic reviews assessed with the AMSTAR measurement tool
| Author | 1 A priori design | 2 Duplicate | 3 Search | 4 Publication status | 5 List of studies | 6 Characteristics studies | 7 Scientific quality reported | 8 Conclusions | 9 Combination methods | 10 Publication bias | 11 Conflict of interest | Score | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Almeida [45] | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | 4 | Low |
| Alwahhabi [32] | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Not applicable | No | No | 1 | Low |
| Apostolova [22] | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | No | 3 | Low |
| Banerjee [53] | Can't answer | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | No | No | No | No | Not applicable | No | No | 0 | Low |
| Beekman [29] | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | Can't answer | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | No | 3 | Low |
| Black [52] | Can't answer | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | 3 | Low |
| Camus [48] | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Not applicable | No | No | 1 | Low |
| Chen [20] | No | Can't answer | No | Yes | No I | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | 4 | Low |
| Cole [50] | Can't answer | No | Can't answer | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | 2 | Low |
| Djernes [31] | Can't answer | Can't answer | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | Yes | Yes | No | Not applicable | No | No | 2 | Low |
| Fischer [55] | Can't answer | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Not applicable | No | No | 2 | Low |
| Flirski [42] | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | Can't answer | No | No | No | No | Not applicable | No | No | 0 | Low |
| Floyd [40] | Can't answer | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | 1 | Low |
| Floyd [39] | Can't answer | Yes | Can't answer | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | 2 | Low |
| Gaugler [51] | Can't answer | Yes | Can't answer | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | No | 5 | Moderate |
| Huang [35] | Can't answer | Yes | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | 5 | Moderate |
| Huang [43] | Can't answer | Yes | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | 5 | Moderate |
| Huang [44] | Can't answer | Yes | Can't answer | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | 5 | Moderate |
| Jorm [33,36,37] | No | Can't answer | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | 0 | Low |
| Kuo [47] | Can't answer | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Not applicable | No | No | 3 | Low |
| Kuo [41] | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | No | No I | Yes | No | Yes | Not applicable | No | No | 3 | Low |
| Lee [54] | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Not applicable | No | No | 1 | Low |
| Luppa [28] | Can't answer | No | Can't answer | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | 5 | Moderate |
| Meeks [30] | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Not applicable | No | No | 2 | Low |
| Monastero [21] | Can't answer | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | No | 4 | Low |
| Ohayon [38] | Can't answer | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | 3 | Low |
| Ropacki [27] | Can't answer | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | No | Yes | No | No | Not applicable | No | No | 1 | Low |
| Seitz [23] | Can't answer | Yes | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | Yes | No | Yes | Not applicable | No | No | 3 | Low |
| Shub [25] | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | No | 3 | Moderate |
| Stetler [46] | Can't answer | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | 3 | Low |
| Verkaik [34] | Yes | Yes | Can't answer | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not applicable | No | No | 5 | Moderate |
| Vink [49] | Can't answer | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | No | Yes | No | No | Not applicable | No | No | 1 | Low |
| Wragg [26] | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Not applicable | No | No | 2 | Low |
| Zuidema [24] | Can't answer | Can't answer | No | Can't answer | No | Yes | No | No | Not applicable | No | No | 2 | Low |
Response options: yes, no, can't answer, not applicable.
Full questions: A priori design: Was an "a priori" design provided? Duplicate: Was there duplicate study selection and data extraction? Search: Was a comprehensive literature search performed? Publication status: Was the status of publication (that is, grey literature) used as an inclusion criterion? List of studies: Was a list of studies (included and excluded) provided? Characteristics studies: Were the characteristics of the included studies provided? Scientific quality reported: Was the scientific quality of the included studies assessed and documented? Conclusion: Was the scientific quality of the included studies used appropriately in formulating conclusions? Combination methods: Were the methods used to combine the findings of studies appropriate? Publication bias: Was the likelihood of publication bias assessed? Conflict of interest: Was the conflict of interest stated? Score: The maximum AMSTAR score a review can receive is 11 (11 for meta-analyses and 10 for systematic reviews) Quality: Scores of 0 to 4 indicated low quality, 5 to 8 moderate quality, and 9 to 11 high quality.