Fig. 3. Theoretical scheme of the association between AMF and their partner bacteria within the system plant-soil-microorganism system in roots under normal (a) and waterlogged conditions (b).

The bacteria can be located inside and/or surrounding spores and hyphae, and they are released into roots and cells after digestion of hyphae (see arrows). IP Insoluble phosphorus; P–solubilized phosphorus; Atmospheric nitrogen (N₂); Ammonium (NH₄).