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. 2012 May 21;1(7):640–647. doi: 10.1242/bio.20121420

Fig. 1. Inhibitory effects of anti-CD9 and anti-CD81 on fertilization.

Fig. 1.

(A) Experimental flow for testing the rate of excessive sperm penetration in perivitelline space (PVS) of an oocyte and the rate of two-cell embryos. Oocytes collected from oviducts of superovulated female mice were subjected to IVF in the presence of anti-CD9 (50 µg/ml) and/or anti-CD81 (50 µg/ml) or a preimmune Ab (50 µg/ml) for 24 hours. They were then stained with DAPI. BF, bright field. (B) Embryos 24 hours after IVF in the presence of Abs. Arrowheads marked sperm accumulated at the PVS. Scale bars: 20 µm. (C) The rate of embryos exhibiting excess sperm penetration. Parentheses  =  number of oocytes examined. NS, not significant. Values are the mean±s.e.m. (D) The rate of two-cell embryos 24 hours after IVF in the presence of Abs. Parentheses  =  number of oocytes examined. NS, not significant. Values are the mean±s.e.m.