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Vitamin D targets pathways that are involved in apoptosis of podocytes. Hyperglycemia activates p38 MAPK- and ERK-mediated signaling pathways to induce podocyte apoptosis. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (VD) inhibits the induction of angiotensinogen and renin by HG, leading to suppression of AngII production. VD may also suppress p38 or ERK activation via an AngII-independent mechanism. VD upregulation of nephrin also contributes to the protection of podocytes.
