Table 4.
Group Differences for Clusters
| Cluster 1 Dysregulated/High Maternal Report Reactors (n = 9) | Cluster 2 Low Behavioral Reactors (n=15) | Cluster3 High Reactors (n = 37) | Cluster 4 Optimal Reactors (n=31) | Cluster5 Dysregulated/Low Maternal Report Reactors (n = 21) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |
| Maternal Characteristics | ||||||||||
| Age (years) | 31.11 | 6.21 | 30.27 | 7.49 | 30.11 | 8.52 | 30.10 | 6.42 | 33.43 | 9.65 |
| Parity | 4.67 | 2.40 | 4.00 | 2.93 | 3.38 | 1.95 | 3.97 | 2.01 | 3.86 | 1.74 |
| Maternal Education (years) | 10.78 | 1.39 | 11.93 | 2.76 | 12.03 | 1.55 | 12.03 | 1.54 | 11.86 | 1.77 |
| Prenatal cocaine exposure (% exposed) | 67% | n/a | 47% | n/a | 49% | n/a | 29% | n/a | 76% | n/a |
| Prenatal # of cigarettes/week | 34.54 | 31.93 | 19.98 | 38.28 | 27.75 | 50.09 | 14.10 | 25.90 | 27.01 | 29.61 |
| Prenatal # of standard drinks/week | 2.33 | 6.44 | 5.31 | 12.35 | 2.88 | 8.86 | .24 | .76 | .75 | 2.06 |
| Prenatal # of joints/week | .56 | 1.12 | 2.35 | 5.27 | 1.19 | 3.33 | 1.91 | 9.37 | .98 | 2.32 |
| Postnatal # of days cocaine/week | 12.00 | 36.00 | 13.20 | 33.23 | 1.19 | 5.26 | .03 | .18 | 1.33 | 3.07 |
| Postnatal # of cigarettes/week | 7.11 | 8.25 | 4.13 | 5.81 | 3.54 | 5.23 | 3.55 | 5.94 | 6.19 | 9.57 |
| Postnatal # of standard drinks/week | 3.89 | 7.64 | 5.47 | 8.54 | 3.65 | 4.15 | 2.87 | 5.71 | 1.52 | 2.18 |
| Postnatal # of joints/week | 1.11 | 2.42 | 1.13 | 1.85 | .78 | 2.38 | .81 | 1.74 | 1.14 | 3.37 |
| Maternal Depression* | 2.69 | 1.01 | 2.49 | .59 | 2.58a | .68 | 2.28 | .39 | 2.17b | .27 |
| Maternal Anxiety | 2.56 | .78 | 2.34 | .45 | 2.41 | .73 | 2.37 | .51 | 2.13 | .29 |
| Maternal Negative Affect* | 4.19 | .95 | 4.53 | .84 | 4.44a | .74 | 4.50 | .76 | 4.86b | .27 |
| Perinatal Variables | ||||||||||
| Gestational Age (weeks) | 39.33 | 1.41 | 38.87 | 1.13 | 38.92 | 1.77 | 39.26 | 1.26 | 38.48 | 2.54 |
| Birth weight (grams)* | 3057.67 | 489.65 | 3296.07 | 532.58 | 3168.65 | 494.40 | 3391.84a | 511.18 | 2791.05b | 602.37 |
| Birth weight Adjusted for Gestational Age* | 3000.97c | 489.65 | 3291.85a | 532.58 | 3177.20a,d | 494.40 | 3346.99a | 511.18 | 2869.30b | 602.37 |
| Head Circumference (cm) at birth | 34.06 | .79 | 33.53 | 1.19 | 33.11 | 1.13 | 33.54 | 1.56 | 32.86 | 2.00 |
| Obstetrical Complications Score (OCS) | 85.67 | 19.98 | 94.00 | 23.67 | 90.61 | 15.55 | 99.30 | 20.95 | 89.86 | 16.62 |
| Small for Gestational Age (SGA) (% Yes) | 33.3% n = 3 |
n/a | 13.3% n = 2 |
n/a | 16.2% n = 6 |
n/a | 16.1% n = 5 |
n/a | 38.1% n = 8 |
n/a |
| Preterm Birth (< 37 weeks) (% Yes) | 11.1% n = 1 |
n/a | 0% n = 0 |
n/a | 8.1% n = 3 |
n/a | 3.2% n = 1 |
n/a | 19% n = 4 |
n/a |
|
| ||||||||||
| Infant Negative Affect | 4.42 | .92 | 4.42 | .74 | 4.61 | .69 | 4.50 | .78 | 4.75 | .74 |
Notes: High scores on OCS reflect more optimal obstetric scores. Means with different superscripts are significantly different from each other.
*
p < 0.05.