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(a) Schematic representation of dihedral angles ϕ, ψ and χ. (b) Schematic representation of three side-chain rotamers gauche+, gauche− and trans. (c) Schematic representation of short-range pairs (arrows) in Phe for calculation of Eϕ, ψ, χ1. (d) effective interaction potentials for backbone HB, with the dashed line for an attractive potential and the thick lines for the repulsive ones.
