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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2012 Jan 3;24(1):40–47. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2011.12.008

Figure 1. Progressive views of the kinetochore.

Figure 1

(A) – (D), with microtubules attached, (E) – (H) without microtubules attached. (A) and (E) Classical views of the kinetochore after conventional chemical fixation methods. (B and F) The kinetochore is less distinct after improved structural preservation using high-pressure freezing and freeze substitution, demonstrating that the structure is more open and loosely organized than originally thought. (CD, G–H). Structural details are revealed using electron tomography to obtain 3D images of kinetochores preserved by high-pressure freezing and freeze-substitution. (C), (D), (G), and (H), adapted from [6] with permission.