Figure 1.

Mean (± SE) plasma glucose concentrations, symptom scores, plasma epinephrine and glucagon concentrations, and relative rCBF (as measured by PET counts) in the dorsal midline thalamus and in the medial prefrontal cortex during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic 90 mg/dL and hypoglycemic clamps at 65 mg/dL, “65,” and 55 mg/dL, “55.” P < 0.01* or < 0.05**, euglycemia (black bar) to hypoglycemia (white bar). The glucose values (A) are means over the second hour of each of the euglycemic and hypoglycemic clamps. The symptom scores (B), plasma epinephrine concentrations (C), and plasma glucagon concentrations (D) are means over the second hour of each euglycemic and hypoglycemic clamp when the PET scans are being obtained. The rCBF data (E and F) are based on averages of the four [¹⁵O]water PET studies during the second hour of each euglycemic and hypoglycemic clamp.