Table 2.
Crude death rate ratios of normalized biomarkers estimated with an independent hazard regression model for each biomarker (effect of 1 SD on the death RR)
| Main | Square | Age 80+ | Male | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Metabolic hormones |
|
|
|
|
| Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) |
1.42** |
0.99 |
0.89 |
0.86+ |
| Fasting glucose |
1.37** |
1.00 |
0.84+ |
0.81* |
|
CV biomarkers |
|
|
|
|
| Diastolic blood pressure |
0.95 |
1.06** |
0.92 |
1.06 |
| Systolic blood pressure |
0.88+ |
1.07** |
0.89 |
1.11+ |
|
Metabolic – lipids |
|
|
|
|
| Triglycerides |
0.90 |
1.05** |
0.88 |
1.04 |
| Total cholesterol |
0.79** |
1.07** |
1.09 |
1.02 |
| HDL cholesterol |
0.84* |
1.05* |
1.15 |
1.00 |
| Total/HDL cholesterol ratio |
0.99 |
1.02** |
0.89 |
1.01 |
| LDL cholesterol |
0.80* |
1.04+ |
1.08 |
1.02 |
|
Stress hormones |
|
|
|
|
| Urinary cortisol |
1.00 |
0.99 |
1.15 |
1.12+ |
| DHEAS |
0.90 |
1.08** |
0.93 |
0.87 |
| Epinephrine |
1.16 |
1.00 |
0.88 |
0.85 |
| Norepinephrine |
0.98 |
1.01 |
1.06 |
1.09 |
|
Inflammation, immune system |
|
|
|
|
| CRP |
1.42** |
0.97* |
0.93 |
0.99 |
|
Organ-specific functional reserve |
|
|
|
|
| Creatinine clearance |
0.72** |
1.10** |
1.21+ |
0.97 |
| Handgrip strength |
0.41** |
0.98 |
0.98 |
1.69** |
| Distance in 10 seconds |
0.56** |
1.01 |
1.16+ |
1.08 |
| Pulmonary peak flow |
0.47** |
0.97 |
0.97 |
1.39* |
|
Nutrition, body size |
|
|
|
|
| Knee height |
0.92 |
0.97 |
0.98 |
1.14 |
| Waist circumference |
1.08 |
1.06** |
0.85+ |
1.02 |
| BMI |
1.04 |
1.02** |
0.77** |
0.98 |
| Waist/hip ratio | 1.16+ | 0.99 | 0.85+ | 0.99 |
Significance assessed with robust estimates of standard errors: + means significant at *p < 0.10; at **p < 0.05; and at p < 0.01.
All regression models also include control variables for sex, age (continuous), and Nicoya.