Table 1.
Socio-demographic and Economic characteristics of the study participants, JUSH, Southwest Ethiopia, 2009
| Variables |
Food insecurity status |
Total frequency | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food secure | Food in-secure | |||
| Sex | ||||
| Male |
58 (40.3) |
86 (59.7) |
144 (45.1) |
0.270 |
| Female |
60 (34.3) |
115 (65.7) |
175 (54.9) |
|
| Age | ||||
| 18-24 |
6 (40.0) |
9 (60.0) |
15 (4.7) |
0.261 |
| 25-34 |
56 (32.7) |
115 (67.3) |
148 (46.4) |
|
| 35-44 |
36 (39.1) |
56 (60.9) |
115 (36.1) |
|
| ≥45 |
20 (48.8) |
21 (51.2) |
41 (12.9) |
|
| Permanent address | ||||
| Jimma |
82(30.3) |
189 (69.7) |
271 (85.0) |
<0.001 |
| Out of Jimma |
36(75.0) |
12 (25.0) |
48 (15.0) |
|
| Marital Status | ||||
| Married |
60 (38.7) |
95 (61.3) |
155 (48.6) |
0.096 |
| Single |
31 (46.3) |
36 (53.7) |
67 (21.0) |
|
| Windowed |
13 (30.2) |
30 (69.8) |
43 (13.5) |
|
| Divorced /Separated |
14 (25.9) |
40 (74.1) |
54 (16.9) |
|
| Religion | ||||
| Orthodox Christians |
63 (38.9) |
99 ( 61.1) |
162 (50.8) |
0.360 |
| Muslim |
29 (37.2) |
49 (62.8) |
78 (24.5) |
|
| Protestant |
20 (29.4) |
48 (70.6) |
68 (21.3) |
|
| Others* |
6 (54.5) |
5 (45.5) |
11 (3.4) |
|
| Ethnicity (N = 319) | ||||
| Oromo |
61 ( 43.0) |
81 (47) |
142 (44.5) |
0.062 |
| Amhara |
25 (29.8) |
59 (70.2) |
84 (26.3) |
|
| Dawro |
11 (27.5) |
29 (72.5) |
40 (12.5) |
|
| Kefa |
9 (37.5) |
15 (62.5) |
24 (7.5) |
|
| Gurage |
3 (20.0) |
12 (80.0) |
15 (4.7) |
|
| Others** |
9 (64.3) |
5 (35.7) |
14 (4.4) |
|
| Average family monthly income (USD)*** | ||||
| <100 |
62 (24.9) |
187 (75.1) |
249 (81.4) |
<0.001 |
| ≥100 |
51 (36.9) |
6 (10.5) |
57 (18.6) |
|
| Occupation | ||||
| Employed@ |
93 (78.8%) |
151 (75.1%) |
244 (76.5%) |
0.453 |
| Unemployed |
25 ( 21.2%) |
50 (24.9%) |
75 (23.5%) |
|
| Living With | ||||
| Alone |
23 (29.9) |
54 (70.1) |
77 (24.1) |
0.365 |
| Family |
24 (44.4) |
30 (55.6) |
54 (16.9) |
|
| Parents |
65 (37.4) |
109 (62.6) |
174 (54.5) |
|
| Other | ||||
| Educational Status |
6 (42.9) |
8 (57.1) |
14 (4.4) |
<0.001 |
| Elementary or less |
39 (20.1) |
155 (79.9) |
194 (60.8) |
|
| Secondary and above |
79 (63.2) |
46 (36.8) |
125 (39.2) |
|
| Average family monthly income (USD) | ||||
| <100 |
62 (24.9) |
187 (75.1) |
249 (81.4) |
<0.001 |
| ≥100 |
51 (36.9) |
6 (10.5) |
57 (18.6) |
|
| Average individual monthly income (USD) | ||||
| <100 |
64 (28.3%) |
162 (71.7%) |
226 (84.6) |
<0.001 |
| ≥100 |
37 (90.2%) |
4 (9.8%) |
41 (15.4) |
|
| Food Diversity | ||||
| High |
72 (49.6%) |
76 (50.4%) |
148 (46.4) |
<0.001 |
| Low |
46 (27.0%) |
125 (73.0%) |
171 (53.6) |
|
| Do you get money support from any organization? | ||||
| Yes |
11 (20.8%) |
42 (79.2%) |
53 (16.6) |
0.009 |
| No |
107 (40.2%) |
159 (59.8%) |
266 (83.4) |
|
| Do you get any food ration from any organization? | ||||
| Yes |
12 (17.9%) |
56 (82.4%) |
68 (21.3) |
<0.001 |
| No |
106 (42.2%) |
145 (57.8%) |
251 (78.7) |
|
| Body mass index (BMI) | ||||
| <18.5 |
19 (30.2) |
44 (69.8) |
63 (19.7) |
0.210 |
| >=18.5 |
99 (38.7) |
157 (61.3) |
256 (80.3) |
|
| Food Aids | ||||
| Present |
12 (17.6) |
56 (82.4) |
68 (21.3) |
<0.001 |
| Absent | 106 (42.2) | 145 (57.8) | 251 (78.7) | |
**Catholic, Jova witness, Farmer, Bar.
*Tigre, Yem, Wolayita, Kenbata, Sidama, Bench.
***Exchange rate 1 USD = 10.0 Ethiopian Birr (ETB).
@ Government, Employee of private organization/enterprise and NGO employee.