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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Behav Med. 2012 Dec;44(3):309–319. doi: 10.1007/s12160-012-9399-9

Table 2.

Means (and standard deviations in parentheses) on ecological momentary assessment measures at three time points among quitters versus continuing smokers.

Pre-quit Post-quit 1 year post-quit
Measure Abstinent
at 1 year		 Smoking
at 1 year		 Abstinent
at 1 year		 Smoking at
1 year		 Abstinent at
1 year		 Smoking at 1
year
Craving†‡ 3.96a
(2.13)		 4.42b
(2.14)		 3.51c
(2.48)		 4.61d
(2.48)		 0.60ac
(1.15)		 4.17bd
(2.41)
Restlessness† 1.26a
(1.31)		 1.70
(1.72)		 1.79c
(1.86)		 2.32d
(2.24)		 0.81ac
(1.04)		 1.64d
(1.73)
Anger/
Irritability†* 		1.05a
(1.16)		 1.30
(1.33)		 1.26c
(1.47)		 1.66d
(1.66)		 0.89ac
(1.01)		 1.40d
(1.43)
Anxiety 1.26
(1.12)		 1.64
(1.53)		 1.62c
(1.53)		 1.99d
(1.81)		 1.10c
(1.11)		 1.66d
(1.50)
Sadness 0.73
(1.02)		 1.02
(1.43)		 .75
(1.15)		 1.11
(1.50)		 0.69
(1.12)		 1.13
(1.46)
Difficulty
concentrating		 0.85
(1.02)		 1.14
(1.46)		 1.12c
(1.51)		 1.40d
(1.66)		 0.74c
(0.98)		 1.16d
(1.44)
Hunger 2.07
(1.58)		 2.11
(1.60)		 2.51c
(1.80)		 2.46d
(1.88)		 2.19c
(1.79)		 2.19d
(1.60)
Positive affect 2.04
(0.75)		 1.95b
(0.72)		 2.06
(0.81)		 1.93d
(0.79)		 2.11
(0.76)		 2.02bd
(.71)
Pleasure1 5.86a
(1.44)		 5.59b
(1.88)		 5.73c
(1.67)		 5.42d
(2.04)		 5.52ac
(1.76)		 5.15bd
(1.80)
% days with a
stressful
event1 		18.83a
(22.33)		 22.15
(24.87)		 20.37c
(24.48)		 22.04
(25.73)		 14.29ac
(21.33)		 19.54
(25.38)
Alcoholic drinks
that day1 		1.05
(1.54)		 0.75
(1.12)		 0.76c
(1.70)		 0.66d
(1.42)		 0.98c
(2.20)		 0.95d
(1.99)
% of prompts
smoking was
permitted†‡ 		84.01a
(21.07)		 84.25
(21.41)		 78.27c
(30.02)		 80.15d
(28.34)		 70.85ac
(35.25)		 85.33d
(23.96)
Cigarettes
smoked since
last prompt2 		4.71
(2.93)		 5.30b
(3.13)		 -- -- -- 3.77b
(2.97)
% time smoked
<15 min. ago2 		24.62
(18.11)		 29.46b
(20.87)		 -- -- -- 21.77b
(21.94)

Note. Within each row, numbers with the same superscript lowercase letter differ significantly.

†

denotes a measure that showed a significant interaction effect between Time and Abstinence Status such that quitters versus continuing smokers differed in how much they changed on this measure from pre-quit to 1 year post-quit, while

‡

denotes a measure that showed a significant interaction effect from immediately post-quit to 1 year.

*

The interaction effect between Time (pre-quit vs. 1 year post-quit) and Abstinence Status for anger/irritability had a p value of .012 (just shy of the p < .01 needed for the effect to be significant with the Holm-Bonferroni correction). N = 572 (215 abstinent and 357 smoking at 1 year) except for measure names followed by numerical superscripts.

1

n = 517 (202 abstinent and 315 smoking at 1 year).

2

n = 534 (215 abstinent and 319 smoking at 1 year).