Table 3.

Temporal–spatial parameters of CSM and HC participants

Variable	CSM data		Comfortable speed comparison							Matched speed comparison							SEMa
	CSM		HC		Difference		95 % Confidence intervals		p value	HC		Difference		95 % Confidence intervals		p value
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD				Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Cadence (steps/min)	113.22	10.40	122.97	8.62	−9.75	12.05	−16.17	−3.33	0.006	103.91	12.02	9.31	9.00	4.52	14.11	0.0009	1.70
Double support (s)	0.28	0.06	0.20	0.03	0.08	0.06	0.05	0.11	0.0001	0.30	0.07	−0.02	0.03	−0.03	0.00	0.07	0.01
Single support (s)	0.39	0.04	0.39	0.02	0.00	0.04	−0.02	0.02	0.9	0.44	0.04	−0.05	0.04	−0.07	−0.02	0.0005	0.01
Double support duration (% GC)	26.06	3.82	20.32	2.03	5.74	4.14	3.54	7.95	0.0001	24.94	3.32	1.12	2.84	−0.40	2.64	0.14
Single support duration (% GC)	36.66	2.06	39.86	0.85	−3.20	1.99	−4.26	−2.13	<0.0001	37.56	1.66	−0.90	1.67	−1.79	0.00	0.049
Foot off (% GC)	62.71	2.19	60.18	1.33	2.53	2.81	1.03	4.03	0.003	62.49	1.76	0.21	2.01	−0.85	1.28	0.7	0.81
Gait speed (m/s)	1.12	0.24	1.49	0.18	−0.36	0.24	−0.49	−0.24	<0.0001	1.11	0.21	0.02	0.07	−0.02	0.06	0.3	0.02
Opposite foot contact (% GC)	49.56	1.25	50.26	0.59	−0.69	1.57	−1.53	0.14	0.09	50.27	0.65	−0.71	1.41	−1.46	0.04	0.06	1.01
Opposite foot off (% GC)	12.91	2.14	10.40	1.13	2.51	2.33	1.27	3.75	0.0006	12.69	1.73	0.22	1.54	−0.61	1.04	0.6	0.77
Step length (m)	0.59	0.10	0.73	0.06	−0.14	0.11	−0.19	−0.08	0.0001	0.64	0.06	−0.05	0.07	−0.09	−0.01	0.02	0.01
Step time (s)	0.54	0.05	0.49	0.03	0.05	0.06	0.02	0.08	0.002	0.58	0.06	−0.04	0.05	−0.07	−0.01	0.007	0.02
Step width (m)	0.17	0.04	0.16	0.03	0.01	0.04	−0.01	0.03	0.4	0.16	0.04	0.01	0.05	−0.02	0.03	0.5	0.01
Stride length (m)	1.19	0.19	1.45	0.11	−0.26	0.20	−0.37	−0.16	0.0001	1.27	0.13	−0.08	0.14	−0.16	−0.01	0.03	0.02
Stride time (s)	1.07	0.11	0.98	0.06	0.09	0.11	0.03	0.15	0.006	1.17	0.13	−0.10	0.10	−0.15	−0.05	0.0008	0.02

SD standard deviation, GC gait cycle, m metres, s seconds

^aStandard error of measurement, calculated in a prior study [18]