Table 4.
Peak kinematic parameters of CSM and HC participants
| Variable | CSM data | Comfortable speed comparison | Matched speed comparison | SEMa | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CSM | HC | Difference | 95 % Confidence intervals | p value | HC | Difference | 95 % Confidence intervals | p value | |||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||||||
| Pelvic obliquity range | 6.3 | 3.2 | 8.8 | 2.8 | −2.4 | 2.7 | −3.9 | −1.0 | 0.003 | 7.0 | 2.3 | −0.7 | 2.3 | −1.9 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.92 |
| Pelvic rotation range | 8.2 | 3.6 | 10.8 | 4.1 | −0.6 | 3.2 | −2.3 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 8.4 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 3.5 | −0.7 | 3.0 | 0.2 | 1.14 |
| Average pelvic tilt | 9.4 | 5.9 | 8.8 | 4.2 | 0.6 | 7.5 | −3.4 | 4.6 | 0.75 | 8.8 | 4.0 | 0.6 | 7.2 | −3.2 | 4.5 | 0.74 | 2.57 |
| Hip position at initial contact | 30.3 | 6.9 | 31.3 | 5.6 | −1.0 | 9.5 | −6.0 | 4.1 | 0.7 | 29.3 | 5.3 | 1.0 | 9.4 | −4.0 | 6.0 | 0.67 | 2.99 |
| Peak hip extension | −13.4 | 6.3 | −16.5 | 5.3 | 3.1 | 8.8 | −1.6 | 7.9 | 0.17 | −13.5 | 5.9 | 0.1 | 8.6 | −4.5 | 4.7 | 0.97 | 3.19 |
| Total sagittal plane excursion of hip | 44.3 | 5.3 | 49.1 | 4.9 | −4.8 | 5.7 | −7.8 | −1.8 | 0.004 | 43.7 | 3.2 | 0.6 | 4.2 | −1.6 | 2.9 | 0.55 | 1.28 |
| Range of hip abduction/adduction | 12.0 | 3.2 | 13.0 | 3.0 | −1.1 | 3.6 | −3.0 | 0.9 | 0.27 | 11.4 | 2.6 | 0.5 | 3.0 | −1.1 | 2.1 | 0.49 | 1.05 |
| Range of hip rotation | 19.1 | 10.1 | 16.2 | 4.8 | 2.9 | 11.6 | −3.3 | 9.1 | 0.33 | 17.0 | 4.6 | 2.1 | 10.8 | −3.6 | 7.9 | 0.45 | 3.66 |
| Knee position at initial contact | 4.2 | 6.0 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 0.9 | 6.3 | −2.4 | 4.3 | 0.57 | 1.7 | 4.5 | 2.5 | 6.9 | −1.2 | 6.1 | 0.17 | 3.11 |
| Peak knee flexion in stance | 13.7 | 6.4 | 22.1 | 6.9 | −8.3 | 7.5 | −12.3 | −4.3 | 0.0005 | 16.2 | 7.9 | −2.5 | 7.3 | −6.4 | 1.4 | 0.19 | 3.67 |
| Peak knee extension | −3.3 | 4.4 | −2.4 | 4.4 | −0.9 | 5.8 | −4.0 | 2.1 | 0.52 | −2.2 | 4.0 | −1.1 | 5.3 | −3.9 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 3.12 |
| Peak knee flexion in swing | 48.6 | 5.6 | 57.5 | 4.2 | −8.9 | 8.1 | −13.2 | −4.6 | 0.0005 | 54.6 | 5.0 | −6.0 | 7.5 | −10.0 | −2.0 | 0.006 | 3.32 |
| Total sagittal plane excursion of knee | 51.9 | 6.9 | 59.9 | 5.4 | −8.0 | 9.4 | −13.0 | −3.0 | 0.004 | 56.8 | 5.2 | −4.9 | 8.0 | −9.2 | −0.6 | 0.03 | 2.62 |
| Ankle position at initial contact | −0.6 | 3.7 | 0.5 | 3.1 | −1.1 | 4.2 | −3.4 | 1.1 | 0.3 | −0.7 | 3.5 | 0.1 | 4.0 | −2.1 | 2.2 | 0.95 | 2.35 |
| Peak ankle dorsiflexion in stance | 14.3 | 2.6 | 14.4 | 2.7 | −0.1 | 3.2 | * | * | 0.92* | 16.2 | 2.5 | −2.0 | 3.0 | −3.6 | −0.4 | 0.02 | 1.37 |
| Peak ankle plantarflexion | −11.3 | 6.9 | −18.4 | 7.6 | 7.1 | 10.0 | 1.7 | 12.4 | 0.013 | −16.6 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 8.0 | 1.1 | 9.6 | 0.02 | 2.90 |
| Peak ankle dorsiflexion in swing | 6.2 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 4.1 | −0.7 | 3.7 | 0.16 | 6.2 | 4.0 | 0.1 | 4.5 | −2.3 | 2.5 | 0.96 | 2.00 |
All variables are measured in degrees
SD standard deviation
* Denotes a non-normally distributed variable with p value calculated using Wilcoxon signed-rank test; confidence interval not calculated
aStandard error of measurement, calculated in a prior study [18]