H&E stained sections of rat calvarial defects implanted with oriented scaffolds at 12 weeks (a, c) and 24 weeks (b, d); defects implanted with trabecular scaffolds at 12 weeks (e) and 24 weeks (f), and untreated defects at 12 weeks (g) and 24 weeks (h). Stained sections at higher magnification (c, d) show new bone (B) in the pores of the oriented scaffolds (S) at 12 weeks and 24 weeks. Arrows indicate the edges of the old bone. Scale bar = 1 mm for (a,b and e–h), and 200 µm for (c, d).