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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Epidemiol. 2012 Oct 25;22(12):825–831. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.09.010

Table 1. Socio-demographic associations with passenger seatbelt use among respondents ages 18 and older in the United States.

Ride without seatbelt Unadjusted Adjusted

No (N = 37,905) Yes (N = 1,354)

Row % 95% CI Row % 95% CI OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI)
Sociodemographic
Factors
Age
 18-25 years 96.33 (96.0-96.6) 3.67 (3.3-4.0) 1.00 1.00
 26-49 years 97.45 (97.1-97.7) 2.55 (2.2-2.9) 0.69 (0.58-0.81) 0.86 (0.72-1.01)
 50+ years 98.26 (97.7-98.7) 1.74 (1.3-2.3) 0.47 (0.35-0.62) 0.51 (0.38-0.68)
Gender
 Female 98.34 (98.0-98.6) 1.66 (1.4-2.0) 1.00 1.00
 Male 96.85 (96.5-97.2) 3.14 (2.8-3.5) 1.92 (1.53-2.41) 1.90 (1.52-2.38)
Race/Ethnicity
 White 97.58 (97.3-97.8) 2.42 (2.1-2.7) 1.00 1.00
 African-American 98.19 (97.5-98.7) 1.81 (1.3-2.5) 0.74 (0.52-1.05) 0.54 (0.37-0.78)
 Hispanic 97.10 (96.3-97.7) 2.90 (2.3-3.7) 1.20 (0.90-1.60) 0.75 (0.54-1.03)
 Other 98.18 (97.0-98.9) 1.82 (1.1-3.0) 0.75 (0.44-1.27) 0.84 (0.49-1.43)
Family Income
 < $20,000 96.61 (95.9-97.2) 3.39 (2.8-4.1) 1.00 1.00
 $20,000-$49,000 96.94 (96.4-97.4) 3.06 (2.6-3.6) 0.90 (0.70-1.16) 0.94 (0.71-1.23)
 $50,000-74,999 98.13 (97.6-98.5) 1.87 (1.5-2.4) 0.54 (0.39-0.75) 0.63 (0.45-0.89)
 > $75,000 98.69 (98.3-99.0) 1.31 (1.0-1.7) 0.38 (0.26-0.54) 0.57 (0.38-0.86)
Education Level
 Less than H.S. 95.78 (94.9-96.5) 4.22 (3.5-5.1) 1.00 1.00
 H.S. Graduate 96.67 (96.1-97.2) 3.32 (2.8-3.9) 0.78 (0.60-1.02) 0.80 (0.61-1.05)
 Some College 97.93 (97.4-98.3) 2.07 (1.7-2.5) 0.48 (0.36-0.64) 0.51 (0.36-0.71)
 College Graduate 99.32 (99.1-99.5) 0.68 (0.5-0.9) 0.15 (0.11-0.23) 0.19 (0.12-0.30)
County
 Large metro 97.92 (97.6-98.2) 2.08 (1.8-2.4) 1.00 1.00
 Small metro 97.63 (97.2-98.0) 2.37 (2.0-2.8) 1.15 (0.90-1.46) 0.99 (0.76-1.28)
 Non-metro 96.60 (95.9-97.2) 3.40 (2.8-4.1) 1.66 (1.29-2.14) 1.27 (0.96-1.68)

Note: Adjusted odds ratios adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, education, and county population density. Odds ratios and confidence intervals in bold are statistically significant (p < .05)