Table 1.

Microbial taxa involved in pathways of colonic sulfur metabolism^*.

Sulfur source	Sulfur-containing substrate	Microbial genus	References
Inorganic	Sulfate (SO42−)	Desulfovibrio spp. (Desulfomonas spp)	Gibson et al., 1988; Fite et al., 2004; Marchesi et al., 2009; Nava et al., 2012
		Desulfobacter spp.	Gibson et al., 1988; Nava et al., 2012
		Desulfobulbus spp.	Gibson et al., 1988; Nava et al., 2012
		Desulfotomaculum spp.	Gibson et al., 1988; Nava et al., 2012
	Sulfite (SO32−)	Bilophila wadsworthia	Baron et al., 1989
		Campylobacter jejuni	Kelly and Myers, 2005
Organic	Cysteine	Escherichia coli	Metaxas and Delwiche, 1955; Shatalin et al., 2011
		Staphylococcus aureus	Shatalin et al., 2011
		Salmonella thyphimurium	Kredich et al., 1972
		Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Wheeler et al., 2005
		Helicobacter pylori	Kim et al., 2006
		Leishmania major (protozoa)	Nowicki et al., 2010
		Prevotella intermedia	Igarashi et al., 2009
		Fusobacterium nucleatum	Yoshida et al., 2010
		Streptococcus anginosus	Yoshida et al., 2011
		Clostridium spp.	Genomic cysteine desulfhydrase
		Enterobacter spp.	Genomic cysteine desulfhydrase
		Klebsiella spp.	Genomic cysteine desulfhydrase
		Desulfovibrio spp.	Genomic cysteine desulfhydrase
	Sulfomucin	Prevotella strain RS2	Roberton et al., 2000
		Bacteroides fragilis	Roberton et al., 2000
		Helicobacter pylori	Slomiany et al., 1992
		Akkermansia spp.	Genomic glycosulfatase
	Taurine	Bilophila wadsworthia	Laue et al., 1997
	Sulfated bile acids (rat model)	Clostridium perfringens	Huijghebaert and Eyssen, 1982; Huijghebaert et al., 1982; Robben et al., 1986
	Estrogen-3-sulfates and phenylsulfates	Peptococcus niger	Vaneldere et al., 1991

^*Assimilatory sulfate reduction, widespread and present in virtually all microbes, has not been included.