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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Clin North Am. 2012 Nov 3;60(1):31–48. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2012.09.010

Figure 1. Possible mechanisms through which breastfeeding promotes healthy infant weight status.

Figure 1

Represented here are caregiver behaviors and the contents of human milk have effects on the breastfed infant’s self-regulation of intake, growth and metabolism, and the intestinal microbiome, which in turn promote development of healthy weight. (+) beneficial effect; (−) detrimental effect; HMO=human milk oligosaccharides.