Table 1. EWAS power simulation.

(Number of cases, number of controls)	Power (%) to detect an MVP
Scenario a	meth OR = 1.24 md = 3.6%	meth OR = 1.49 md = 7.2%	meth OR = 1.78 md = 10.8%	meth OR = 2.10 md = 14.4%
(100,100)	0 0	0 0	2 0	18 1
(200,200)	0 0	4 0	55 11	99 78
(400,400)	1 0	66 21	100 98	100 100
(800,800)	20 3	100 99	100 100	100 100
Scenario b	meth OR = 1.24 md = 3.6%	meth OR = 1.49 md = 7.2%	meth OR = 1.78 md = 10.8%	meth OR = 2.10 md = 14.4%
(100,100)	0 0	1 0	13 1	60 19
(200,200)	0 0	16 2	84 46	100 97
(400,400)	2 0	85 51	100 100	100 100
(800,800)	33 8	100 100	100 100	100 100
Scenario c	meth OR = 1.27 md = 1.25%	meth OR = 1.54 md = 2.5%	meth OR = 1.82 md = 3.75%	meth OR = 2.11 md = 5.0%
(100,100)	1 0	37 10	95 77	100 99
(200,200)	7 1	95 78	100 100	100 100
(400,400)	50 19	100 100	100 100	100 100
(800,800)	98 88	100 100	100 100	100 100

Power (%) to detect an MVP at α = 10⁻⁶ (left entry in each cell) and α = 10⁻⁸ (right entry) for the sample sizes stated in column 1 under scenarios (a), (b) and (c) of Figure 2. methOR = methylation odds ratio, the odds for a random DNA strand in the tissue sample from a random case to be methylated, divided by the same odds for controls; md = difference in mean methylation rate between cases and controls. Analysis is via a Wald test in logistic regression implemented in the R software.