Table 1.
Distribution of participants, cumulative incidence of disability pension (DP) and unadjusted risk of DP by covariates
| |
Distribution |
Disability pension |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Men |
Women |
|
Men |
Women |
|||||||||
| n | % | n | % | p-value* | n | % | HR | 95% CI | n | % | HR | 95% CI | |
| Gender |
5959 |
|
6306 |
|
|
99 |
1.7 |
|
|
230 |
3.6 |
|
|
| Married |
|
|
|
|
0.269 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
4481 |
75.2 |
4796 |
76.1 |
|
62 |
1.4 |
1.00 |
|
169 |
3.5 |
1.00 |
|
| No |
1478 |
24.8 |
1510 |
23.9 |
|
37 |
2.5 |
1.85 |
1.23–2.78 |
61 |
4.0 |
1.18 |
0.88–1.59 |
| Ever divorced |
|
|
|
|
0.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
5487 |
92.1 |
5619 |
89.1 |
|
83 |
1.5 |
1.00 |
|
196 |
3.5 |
1.00 |
|
| Yes |
472 |
7.9 |
687 |
10.9 |
|
16 |
3.4 |
2.31 |
1.35–3.94 |
34 |
4.9 |
1.47 |
1.02–2.11 |
| Living with children < 18 years |
|
|
|
|
0.206 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Yes |
4508 |
75.7 |
4604 |
73.0 |
|
66 |
1.5 |
1.00 |
|
146 |
3.2 |
1.00 |
|
| No |
1068 |
17.9 |
1158 |
18.4 |
|
22 |
2.1 |
1.43 |
0.88–2.32 |
58 |
5.0 |
1.63 |
1.20–2.21 |
| Spouse receive social benefit |
|
|
|
|
0.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No |
5412 |
90.8 |
5940 |
94.2 |
|
84 |
1.6 |
1.00 |
|
210 |
3.5 |
1.00 |
|
| Yes |
547 |
9.2 |
366 |
5.8 |
|
15 |
2.7 |
1.77 |
1.02–3.06 |
20 |
5.5 |
1.54 |
0.98–2.44 |
| Educational level |
|
|
|
|
0.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| University/college |
2402 |
40.3 |
2353 |
37.3 |
|
26 |
1.1 |
1.00 |
|
48 |
2.0 |
1.00 |
|
| Vocational/higher secondary |
2750 |
46.1 |
2874 |
45.6 |
|
47 |
1.7 |
1.55 |
0.96–2.50 |
106 |
3.7 |
1.80 |
1.28–2.53 |
| Primary/lower secondary |
807 |
13.5 |
1079 |
17.1 |
|
26 |
3.2 |
2.94 |
1.71–5.06 |
76 |
7.0 |
3.47 |
2.41–4.98 |
| Occupational class |
|
|
|
|
0.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Administrative/professional |
2908 |
48.8 |
1481 |
23.5 |
|
33 |
1.1 |
1.00 |
|
27 |
1.8 |
1.00 |
|
| Routine non-manual |
906 |
15.2 |
3128 |
49.6 |
|
10 |
1.1 |
0.97 |
0.48–1.97 |
102 |
3.3 |
1.77 |
1.16–2.71 |
| Manual |
2010 |
33.7 |
1555 |
24.7 |
|
52 |
2.6 |
2.25 |
1.46–3.49 |
94 |
6.0 |
3.30 |
2.15–5.06 |
| Working hours per week |
|
|
|
|
0.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ≥37 hours |
5174 |
86.8 |
2888 |
45.8 |
|
77 |
1.5 |
1.00 |
|
90 |
3.1 |
1.00 |
|
| 27-36 hours |
549 |
9.2 |
1769 |
28.1 |
|
11 |
2.0 |
1.33 |
0.71–2.50 |
55 |
3.1 |
0.98 |
0.70–1.37 |
| <27 hours |
102 |
1.7 |
1463 |
23.2 |
|
5 |
4.9 |
3.38 |
1.37–8.37 |
78 |
5.3 |
1.69 |
1.25–2.29 |
| Self-perceived mental health |
|
|
|
|
0.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Quartile 1 (good) |
1626 |
27.3 |
1338 |
21.2 |
|
14 |
0.9 |
1.00 |
|
54 |
4.0 |
1.00 |
|
| Quartile 2 |
1640 |
27.5 |
1636 |
25.9 |
|
14 |
0.9 |
0.99 |
0.47–2.09 |
47 |
2.9 |
0.71 |
0.48–1.04 |
| Quartile 3 |
1351 |
22.7 |
1501 |
23.8 |
|
20 |
1.5 |
1.73 |
0.87–3.42 |
35 |
2.3 |
0.57 |
0.37–0.88 |
| Quartile 4 (poorest) |
1342 |
22.5 |
1831 |
29.0 |
|
51 |
3.8 |
4.50 |
2.49–8.14 |
94 |
5.1 |
1.28 |
0.91–1.79 |
| Self-perceived physical health |
|
|
|
|
0.000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Quartile 1 (good) |
1530 |
25.7 |
1641 |
26.0 |
|
6 |
0.4 |
1.00 |
|
18 |
1.1 |
1.00 |
|
| Quartile 2 |
1483 |
24.9 |
1478 |
23.4 |
|
7 |
0.5 |
1.20 |
0.40–3.56 |
21 |
1.4 |
1.28 |
0.68–2.40 |
| Quartile 3 |
1669 |
28.0 |
1410 |
22.4 |
|
20 |
1.2 |
3.03 |
1.22–7.55 |
30 |
2.1 |
1.92 |
1.07–3.44 |
| Quartile 4 (poorest) | 1277 | 21.4 | 1777 | 28.2 | 66 | 5.2 | 13.37 | 5.80–30.84 | 161 | 9.1 | 8.59 | 5.28–13.99 | |
*χ2 for gender differences in distribution of participants.
Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) from univariate Cox regression analyses.