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. 2012 Nov 28;7(11):e50463. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050463

Table 3. Maternal lifestyle, chemical exposure and dietary habits during pregnancy.

n Detected As n Non-DetectedAs p-value
Maternal tobacco smoke exposure (yes), (%)
Smoke before pregnancy 4 17.4 12 29.3 0.292
Smoke during pregnancy 0 0 8 17.0 0.021
Exposed to tobacco smoke during pregnancy 2 9.5 15 39.5 0.015
Father smoking during pregnancy 4 14.8 17 37.0 0.044
Drug abuse (yes), (%) 0 0 0 0 NA
Alcohol consumption (yes), (%) 0 0 1 2.1 0.429
Medicine use (yes), (%) 25 86,2 40 85,1 0.895
Antidepressants 2 7.4 0 0 0.059
Vitamin supplements 8 30.8 5 11.4 0.044
Antibiotics 0 0 8 18.2 0.021
Chemical exposure (yes), (%)
At work 4 13.8 6 12.5 0.870
At hobby 3 10.3 0 0 0.026
Live near pollutant areas 4 14.3 6 12.8 0.851
Use of pesticides in the yard 5 18.5 4 11.4 0.432
Use of head lice treatment 1 3.6 2 4.3 0.870
Use of mothballs 0 0 3 6.5 0.168
Use of products to control fleas on your pet 9 32.1 18 39.1 0.545
Water source (%)
Private well 1 3.3 1 2.0 0.582
Running water 4 13.3 11 22.4
Mineral water 25 83.3 37 75.5
Diet (times per week), mean (SD)
Full-Fat Milk 11 14,5 (6.1) 20 13,7 (6.1) 0.714
Fat-Free Milk 17 14,3 (10.0) 29 14,1 (6.3) 0.906
Fruit 28 9,5 (6.9) 47 7,6 (4.5) 0.140
Vegetables 28 6,5 (3.3) 47 4,9 (2.8) 0.031
Eggs 28 2,1 (1.0) 46 3,0 (2.0) 0.039
Butter and/or Margarine 16 4,1 (2.4) 26 3,6 (2.5) 0.541
Legume and Rice 27 1,9 (1.6) 42 1,7 (1.0) 0.452
Nuts 10 2,3 (1.8) 13 1,9 (1.2) 0.564
Red Meat 24 1,8 (1.7) 43 1,9 (0.8) 0.812
Processed Meat (bacon, hamburguer, Frankfurt sausage) 4 2,0 (0.8) 12 1,2 (0.4) 0.033
White Meat 26 1,8 (0.8) 46 2,1 (0.8) 0.169
Fish 27 1,9 (0.8) 36 1,8 (0.7) 0.587
Precooked Food 8 2,1 (1.3) 14 1,6 (1.1) 0.306
Canned Food 24 2,0 (0.9) 36 2,0 (1.5) 0.935
Commercial Juice 16 6,2 (3.2) 38 6,4 (4.9) 0.877
Soft Drinks 10 3,3 (2.3) 21 5,2 (4.3) 0.198

NA: Not applicable.

Chi-square test; p<0.05.