Table 4. Carbon and nitrogen isotope values from bone collagen of the prehistoric humans and fauna from Grotta d’Oriente.
| Lab. N. (S-EVA) | Context | Species | Bone | δ13C (‰) | δ15N (‰) | %C | %N | C/N | % coll. |
| 8378* | Oriente X | Homo sapiens | Ulna | −17.8 | 10.6 | 38.9 | 14.2 | 3.2 | 0.9 |
| 2799 | Oriente B | Homo sapiens | Rib | −18.9 | 11.1 | 43.5 | 15.7 | 3.2 | 3.1 |
| 2800 | Oriente B | Homo sapiens | Rib | −18.8 | 11.2 | 43.3 | 15.4 | 3.3 | 3.8 |
| 2801 | Oriente B | Homo sapiens | Rib | −19.0 | 11.6 | 43.8 | 15.8 | 3.2 | 5.3 |
| 13802 | C110/180 | Cervus elaphus | Metacarpal | −20.7 | 8.5 | 43.1 | 15.0 | 3.4 | 6.2 |
| 13803 | B114/160 | Cervus elaphus | Phalanx I | −20.5 | 5.8 | 43.0 | 15.0 | 3.3 | 6.9 |
| 13807 | B80/100 | Cervus elaphus | Phalanx II | −21.0 | 5.9 | 41.8 | 14.6 | 3.3 | 3.2 |
| 13812 | B60/80 | Bos primigenius | Phalanx II | −21.0 | 6.7 | 42.4 | 14.7 | 3.4 | 5.1 |
| 13814* | B60/80 | Bos primigenius | Ischium | −21.2 | 6.8 | 45.4 | 16.3 | 3.3 | 12.1 |
| 13810 | C75/110 | Sus scrofa | Radius | −20.1 | 8.4 | 43.7 | 15.4 | 3.3 | 5.9 |
| 13811 | C75/110 | Sus scrofa | Metapodial | −21.8 | 4.2 | 43.4 | 15.3 | 3.3 | 12.4 |
| 13804 | B80/100 | Vulpes vulpes | Humerus | −20.0 | 7.3 | 43.0 | 15.1 | 3.3 | 5.1 |
| 13805 | B100/114 | Vulpes vulpes | Ulna | −19.5 | 7.8 | 42.3 | 14.7 | 3.4 | 2.3 |
| 13813 | B60/80 | Vulpes vulpes | Humerus | −19.5 | 7.0 | 43.5 | 15.3 | 3.3 | 8.7 |
| 13798 | B40/60 | E. marginatus | Quadratum | −8.9 | 9.3 | 30.1 | 10.6 | 3.3 | 3.5 |
| 13799 | B40/60 | E. marginatus | Dentary | −9.6 | 9.3 | 42.9 | 14.9 | 3.3 | 4.6 |
| 13800 | C14/40 | E. marginatus | Frontal | −9.7 | 9.9 | 42.0 | 14.8 | 3.3 | 5.1 |
| 13808 | A80/114 | Ovis vel Capra | Femur | −21.7 | 6.6 | 43.9 | 15.0 | 3.4 | 8.6 |
| 13809 | A80/114 | Ovis vel Capra | Radius | −16.2 | 6.3 | 44.3 | 15.9 | 3.3 | 13.8 |
| 13815 | C14/40 | Ovis vel Capra | Mandible | −20.4 | 7.5 | 43.5 | 15.1 | 3.4 | 9.9 |
The fauna includes: red deer (C. elaphus), aurochs (B. primigenius), wild boar (S. scrofa), red fox (V. vulpes), ovicaprids (Ovis vel Capra) and dusky grouper (E. marginatus). The C. elaphus specimen S-EVA 13802 originates from stratigraphic unit 110–180 cm in Trench C and is in a different state of preservation compared to all other bones analyzed, thereby pre-dating the Mesolithic humans (Oriente B and X) and most certainly also the late Upper Palaeolithic individual (Oriente C). The wild boar (S. scrofa) specimen S-EVA 13810 is a juvenile and its high δ15N value compared to S-EVA 13811 (an adult) probably reflects in part the isotopic composition of protein acquired before weaning. The samples of ovicaprids (Ovis vel Capra) are early Neolithic and post-date all the humans from Grotta d’Oriente. This might also be the case of the dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) specimen from stratigraphic unit 14–40 cm of Trench C (S-EVA 13800).