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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Nov 29.
Published in final edited form as: J Sep Sci. 2009 Apr;32(8):1175–1188. doi: 10.1002/jssc.200800592

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic of the porous ESI tip for sheathless CE. The tip of a capillary is HF-etched to ~5 µm wall thickness making it porous and thus electrically conductive. The tip is inserted into a metal ESI needle or sheet and surrounded by a conductive liquid. A voltage of 1.5 kV is applied to generate a stable ESI spray. (Modified from ref. [49] with permission. © 2007 American Chemical Society.)