Table 2.

Changes in the plasma levels of the investigated cellular hypoxia and oxidative stress biomarkers in studied groups

Parameters	Controls(n = 20)	Before dialysis(n = 40)	After dialysis(n = 40)
Total antioxidant capacity (mmol/L)	0.66 ± 0.05	0.60 ± 0.05	0.57 ± 0.06
		*P <0.001	*P <0.001
			**P <0.036
Total peroxides (μmol/L)	30.50 ± 12.76	38.50 ± 12.52	37.25 ± 12.92
		*P <0.021	*P <0.050
			**P = 0.673
Oxidative stress index	4.63 ± 1.89	6.52 ± 2.30	6.53 ± 2.23
		*P <0.002	*P <0.002
			**P = 0.983
Lactate (mg/dL)	12.06 ± 3.66	15.90 ± 6.56	13.34 ± 5.99
		*P <0.019	*P = 0.425
			**P = 0.061
Pyruvate (mg/dL)	5.02 ± 3.67	6.47 ± 8.69	6.84 ± 4.02
		*P = 0.402	*P = 0.280
			**P = 0.777
Lactate/pyruvate ratio	3.36 ± 1.69	4.07 ± 2.70	2.57 ± 1.76
		*P = 0.234	*P = 0.187
			**P <0.007
Vascular endothelial growth factor (pg/mL)	4.00 ± 1.26	32.91 ± 24.40	33.15±24.58
		*P <0.001	*P <0.001
			**P =0.964
Hypoxia-induced factor- 1α (pg/mL)	29.45 ± 10.07	57.02 ± 41.86	43.29 ± 26.67
		*P <0.002	*P = 0.115
			**P = 0.120

Data shown are mean ± SD mean -/+ SD (minimum - maximum); *P: significance vs. healthy controls; **P: significance vs. before-dialysis session.