Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study population stratified in pacemaker (PM) and non pacemaker group (N-PM)
| PM (n=23) | N-PM (n=22) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical parameters | |||
| Male, n (%) |
10 (43.5) |
8 (36.4) |
0.763 |
| Age (yrs) |
80.7 ± 5.94 |
81.55 ± 7.90 |
0.684 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) |
26.9 ± 3.9 |
26.8 ± 4.0 |
0.883 |
| Hypertension, n (%) |
22 (95.7) |
19 (86.4) |
0.346 |
| Smoker, n (%) |
8 (34.8) |
4 (18.2) |
0.024 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) |
10 (43.5) |
7 (31.8) |
0.542 |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) |
151.2 ± 157.4 |
114.3 ± 51.6 |
0.372 |
| Renal insufficiency (creatinine level > 1.5mg/dl), n (%) |
14 (60.9) |
11 (50) |
0.554 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) |
4 (17.1) |
4 (18.2) |
0.855 |
| New York Heart Association functional class | |||
| I |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.263 |
| II |
0 (0) |
2 (9.1) |
|
| III |
15 (65.2) |
15 (68.2) |
|
| IV |
8 (34.8) |
5 (22.7) |
|
| Logistic EuroSCORE (%) |
24.0 ± 14.6 |
18.4 ± 19.2 |
0.034 |
| Dyspnoe, n (%) |
13 (56.6) |
12 (54.6) |
0.628 |
| Angina, n (%) |
11 (47.5) |
6 (27.3) |
0.022 |
| Syncope, n (%) |
3 (13.0) |
8 (36.4) |
0.091 |
| Pulmonal artery pressure (mmHg) |
42.8 ± 17.7 |
37.6 ± 19.9 |
0.375 |
| Porcelain aorta, n (%) |
1 (4.3) |
3 (13.6) |
0.346 |
| Prior cardiac decompensation, n (%) |
13 (56.5) |
14 (63.7) |
0.763 |
| Ischemic heart disease, n (%) |
20 (87.0) |
15 (68.2) |
0.017 |
| Previous stroke, n (%) |
10 (43.5) |
3 (13.6) |
0.047 |
| Previous CABG, n (%) |
1 (4.3) |
2 (9.1) |
0.838 |
| Peripheral vessel disease, n (%) |
5 (21.7) |
1 (4.6) |
0.002 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | |||
| Mean aortic valve area (cm2) |
0.8 ± 0.2 |
0.7 ± 0.2 |
0.108 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) |
46.1 ± 10.7 |
50.2 ± 12.5 |
0.224 |
| Peak pressure gradient (mmHg) |
90.6 ± 24.1 |
86.6 ± 27.9 |
0.641 |
| Mean pressure gradient (mmHg) |
57.7 ± 15.3 |
55.4 ± 15.6 |
0.674 |
| Aortic annulus dimension (mm) |
23.30 ± 5.32 |
22.36 ± 6.85 |
0.141 |
| Aortic bulbus dimension (mm) |
29.70 ± 5.86 |
28.61 ± 7.46 |
0.893 |
| Interventricular septal dimension (mm) |
14.17 ± 3.82 |
13.55 ± 2.46 |
0.627 |
| Aortic regurgitation grade ≥ I, n (%) |
19 (82.6) |
20 (90.9) |
0.692 |
| Mitral insufficiency ≥ grade I, n (%) | 22 (95.7) | 19 (86.4) | 0.247 |