Table 1.
Baseline demographic, psychiatric and marijuana use data; randomized participants by treatment condition.
| CBTalone | CBT + CMadher | CBT + CMabst | CMabst | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | n = 36 | n = 32 | n = 32 | n = 27 | n = 127 | F or X2 | P |
| % female (number, %) | 6 (16.7) | 5 (15.6) | 3 (9.4) | 6 (22.2) | 20 (15.7) | 1.86 | 0.60 |
| Race | |||||||
| Caucasian | 3 (8.3) | 8 (25) | 6 (18.8) | 7 (25.9) | 24 (18.9) | 10.52 | 0.57 |
| African American | 24 (66.7) | 20 (62.5) | 19 (59.4) | 18 (66.7) | 81 (63.8) | ||
| Hispanic | 6 (16.7) | 4 (12.5) | 5 (15.6) | 1 (3.7) | 16 (12.6) | ||
| Asian | 1 (2.8) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.8) | ||
| Biracial | 2 (5.6) | 0 | 2 (6.3) | 1 (3.7) | 5 (3.9) | ||
| Completed high school | 23 (63.9) | 21 (65.6) | 19 (59.4) | 16 (59.3) | 79 (62.2) | 0.41 | 0.94 |
| Never married/living alone | 34 (94.4) | 29 (90.6) | 29 (90.6) | 23 (85.2) | 115 (90.6) | 1.55 | 0.67 |
| Unemployed | 15 (41.7) | 11 (34.4) | 10 (31.3) | 16 (59.3) | 52 (40.9) | 5.57 | 0.13 |
| Referred by criminal justice system | 35 (97.2) | 29 (90.6) | 29 (90.6) | 26 (96.3) | 119 (93.7) | 2.09 | 0.55 |
| Life-time alcohol use disordera | 6 (16.7) | 9 (28.1) | 9 (28.1) | 6 (22.2) | 30 (23.6) | 1.71 | 0.63 |
| Life-time major depressive disorder | 1 (2.8) | 2 (6.3) | 1 (3.1) | 2 (7.4) | 6 (4.7) | 1.08 | 0.78 |
| Life-time anxiety disorder | 5 (13.9) | 3 (9.4) | 5 (15.6) | 3 (11.1) | 16 (12.6) | 0.68 | 0.88 |
| Antisocial personality disorder | 10 (27.8) | 3 (9.4) | 14 (43.8) | 5 (18.5) | 32 (25.2) | 10.9 | 0.013 |
| Age (mean, SD) | 24.3 (4.3) | 25.4 (7.9) | 26.2 (5.4) | 27.6 (10.2) | 25.7 (7.1) | 1.23 | 0.30 |
| Days of marijuana use past 28 | 15.6 (9.8) | 17.6 (8.6) | 17.9 (9.6) | 14.1 (10.6) | 16.4 (9.7) | 1.03 | 0.38 |
| Days of cigarette use, past 28 | 18.7 (12.9) | 16.9 (13.2) | 16.9 (13.2) | 19.3 (12.9) | 17.9 (12.9) | 0.26 | 0.85 |
| Days alcohol use, past 28 | 2.3 (2.7) | 1.5 (2.4) | 2.7 (3.7) | 1.8 (4.0) | 2.1 (3.2) | 0.89 | 0.45 |
| Years of regular marijuana use | 9.5 (4.6) | 9.9 (7.4) | 10.6 (6.1) | 12.6 (10.7) | 10.5 (7.3) | 1.07 | 0.36 |
| ASI medical compositeb | 0.05 + 0.18 | 0.10 + 0.24 | 0.10 + 0.22 | 0.06 + 0.19 | 0.08 + 0.21 | 0.53 | 0.66 |
| ASI employment composite | 0.62 + 0.29 | 0.58 + 0.28 | 0.58 + 0.28 | 0.73 + 0.29 | 0.62 + 0.29 | 1.85 | 0.14 |
| ASI alcohol composite | 0.03 + 0.03 | 0.03 + 0.05 | 0.04 + 0.05 | 0.02 + 0.04 | 0.03 + 0.04 | 1.09 | 0.37 |
| ASI marijuana composite | 0.33 + 0.26 | 0.34 + 0.27 | 0.32 + 0.27 | 0.25 + 0.23 | 0.31 + 0.26 | 0.81 | 0.49 |
| ASI other drug composite | 0.00 + 0.01 | 0.01 + 0.03 | 0.01 + 0.02 | 0.01 + 0.02 | 0.01 + 0.02 | 0.51 | 0.68 |
| ASI legal composite | 0.13 + 0.16 | 0.16 + 0.16 | 0.14 + 0.16 | 0.09 + 0.12 | 0.13 + 0.15 | 1.12 | 0.35 |
| ASI family composite | 0.06 + 0.09 | 0.07 + 0.10 | 0.07 + 0.10 | 0.06 + 0.09 | 0.06 + 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.94 |
| ASI psychological composite | 0.05 + 0.10 | 0.05 + 0.09 | 0.07 + 0.12 | 0.04 + 0.08 | 0.05 + 0.10 | 0.61 | 0.61 |
| Life-time number of arrests | 4.6 (5.0) | 3.7 (3.4) | 6.1 (5.5) | 4.3 (4.6) | 4.7 (4.7) | 1.48 | 0.22 |
| Estimated IQ from Shipleyc | 90.0 (8.9) | 87.9 (14.6) | 92.3 (9.8) | 85.7 (13.6) | 89.1 (12.0) | 1.50 | 0.22 |
CBT: cognitive–behavioral therapy; CM: contingency management.
a
Indicates life-time DSM-IV psychiatric diagnosis from Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) interviews.
b
Indicates Addiction Severity Index (ASI) composite scores, range 0–1, with higher scores indicating more severe problems.
c
Indicates age-corrected IQ estimate from Shipley Institute of Living scale. SD: standard deviation.