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. 2012 Oct 29;13(11):13926–13948. doi: 10.3390/ijms131113926

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© 2012 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0).

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Biomarker discovery approaches in clinical proteomics. Samples (normal vs. diseased or drug-treated vs. untreated) are fractionated and then Mass Spectrometry (MS)-analyzed according to three main strategies. (a) Molecular profiling aimed to the generation and comparative analysis of fingerprints between healthy/diseased or drug-treated/untreated biospecimen. (b) High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for both quantitation and identification of protein. (c) Mono-or bi-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (1DE or 2DE) followed by identification of bands or spots in which quantitative variations of protein expression are observed.