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Binding modes of the substrate xanthine and mechanism of its hydroxylation. Upper left, superposition of the two crystal structures around Moco of human E803V mutant XDH (cyan) and reduced native bovine XDH in the urate-bound form (green) [86]. Upper right, electron-density map of reduced native bovine XDH with bound urate [86] (PDB: 3AMZ). Lower, proposed hydroxylation mechanism based on the crystal structure of the urate-bound form and the results of mutation studies [69].
