. 2011 Dec 13;5:13–16. doi: 10.1007/8904_2011_111

Table 1.

Clinical symptoms, laboratory and echocardiographic results over time

Age (years)	25	26	27	28	29	30^a	31^a	32^a
BMI^b	29.7	29.7	30.9	30.3	32.2	30.5	27.7	27.8
Dyspnea^c	+	+	+	++	++	−	−	−
Chest Pain^c	±	±	±	+	++	−	−	−
Fatigue^c	++	+	++	++	++	+	+	+
Palpitations^c	–	–	–	±	+	−	−	−
NYHA classification^d	2	2	2	3+	3+	2	2	2
Creatin kinase (U/L)	578	1,368	1,537	3,662	2,712	849	1,449	1,400
Echocardiographic measurements (mm)
IVS^e	22	27	32	28	32	29	22	21
PW^f	18	23	24	29	25	25	25	25
LA^g	34	31	33	41	42	47	47	48
LVED^h	49	45	46	42	43	43	44	49
LVESⁱ	30	34	29	27	30	28	31	33

^aBold numbers indicate data after the introduction of a high-protein, low calorie diet at the age of 30 years

^bBMI indicates body mass index

^c− Indicates no symptoms; ± minor symptoms; + indicates intermittent symptoms; ++ indicates daily symptoms

^dNYHA classification indicates functional classification for heart failure by the New York Heart Association

^eIVS indicates interventricular septum

^fPW indicates left ventricular posterior wall

^gLA indicates left atrial dimensions

^hLVED indicates left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions

ⁱLVES indicates left ventricular end-systolic dimensions