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. 2012 Oct 5;160(4):1728–1740. doi: 10.1104/pp.112.206219

Table II. Ecophysiological, morphological, and life history traits that vary as a function of climate and/or atmospheric CO2 concentration, or proxies for climate such as elevation and latitude.

The references listed here are by no means exhaustive.

Trait Reference
Ecophysiology
 Water use efficiency Ward and Kelly (2004); Ainsworth and Long (2005); Edwards et al. (2012)
 Photosynthesis Ainsworth and Long (2005); Nakamura et al. (2011); Edwards et al. (2012); Leakey and Lau (2012); Ziska et al. (2012)
 Chlorophyll fluorescence Edwards et al. (2012)
 Stomatal conductance Ward and Kelly (2004); Ainsworth and Long (2005); Long et al. (2006)
 Carbon-nitrogen ratio Nakamura et al. (2011); Robinson et al. (2012)
 Chlorophyll content of leaves Nakamura et al. (2011)
Morphology
 Leaf thickness, area, length, width Etterson and Shaw (2001); Etterson (2004); Ainsworth and Long (2005); Byars et al. (2007); Edwards et al. (2012)
 Trichome density Robinson et al. (2012)
 Stomatal density Ward and Kelly (2004)
 Root-shoot ratio Nakamura et al. (2011); Edwards et al. (2012)
 Plant biomass Edwards et al. (2012); Leakey and Lau (2012); Robinson et al. (2012)
 Secondary metabolites and chemical defenses against herbivores Robinson et al. (2012)
 Physical defenses against herbivores Robinson et al. (2012)
 Floral traits (e.g., petal and organ size, reflectance) Edwards et al. (2012); Lacey et al. (2012)
 Cold/freezing tolerance Howe et al. (2003); Savolainen et al. (2007); Zhen and Ungerer (2008)
Phenology
 Seed dormancy, germination, and seedling establishment Donohue et al. (2010)
 Bud set phenology Howe et al. (2003); Savolainen et al. (2007)
 Commencement and cessation of growth Howe et al. (2003); Savolainen et al. (2007)
 Reproductive phenology Franks et al. (2007); Springer and Ward (2007); Inouye (2008); Anderson et al. (2012)