Table 2. Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study subjects by BMI category.
| Parameters | Men | Premenopausal women | Postmenopausal women | ||||
| BMI<25 kg/m2 | BMI≥25 kg/m2 | BMI<25 kg/m2 | BMI≥25 kg/m2 | BMI<25 kg/m2 | BMI≥25 kg/m2 | ||
| N | 689 | 348 | 462 | 131 | 726 | 207 | |
| Age (years) | 53.2±8.8 | 52.1±9.4 | 43.5±6.8 | 46.4±5.7§§ | 56.3±4.5 | 56.1±4.9 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.7 (20.9–23.9) | 26.7 (25.8–28.2)‡‡ | 21.6 (20.2–23.0) | 26.8 (25.8–28.4)§§ | 22.1 (20.4–23.4) | 26.7 (25.6–28.0) | |
| W (cm) | 81.0 (76.5–86.0) | 93.5 (89.0–98.5) ‡‡ | 73.0 (69.5–78.0) | 86.0 (81.0–90.0)§§ | 76.0 (72.0–80.5) | 88.0 (84.0–92.0) | |
| %fat | 20.3±4.4 | 27.0±4.7‡‡ | 27.9±4.4 | 38.4±4.7§§ | 28.1±4.8 | 37.3±4.4 | |
| Fat mass (kg) | 13.2 (10.5–16.0) | 21.0 (17.7–25.3) ‡‡ | 15.5 (12.9–18.0) | 25.5 (23.2–29.9)§§ | 15.7 (12.7–18.6) | 25.1 (22.4–27.9) | |
| FFM (kg) | 51.1 (47.9–54.2) | 58.1 (54.5–61.5) ‡‡ | 39.1 (37.1–41.4) | 42.2 (40.0–45.4)§§ | 39.5 (37.2–41.4) | 42.3 (40.1–44.9) | |
| SFA (cm2) | 116.9 (92.3–144.8) | 181.0 (152.6–220.4) ‡‡ | 156.3 (127.1–187.2) | 232.4 (193.3–276.3)§§ | 186.1 (151.4–217.7) | 259.5 (218.8–303.4) | |
| VFA (cm2) | 72.1 (48.5–99.2) | 125.7 (95.8–153.5) ‡‡ | 47.4 (34.5–62.3) | 82.8 (66.0–106.2)§§ | 63.5 (49.2–81.2) | 97.4 (83.7–119.1) | |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.2±0.4 | 5.3±0.4‡‡ | 5.1±0.4 | 5.2±0.4§§ | 5.1±0.4 | 5.3±0.4 | |
| 2hPG (mmol/L ) | 5.7 (4.8–6.5) | 5.8 (4.7–6.8) | 5.7 (5.0–6.5) | 5.8 (5.0–6.6) | 6.1 (5.4–6.8) | 6.6 (5.8–7.2) | |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.5 (5.3–5.7) | 5.6 (5.3–5.8) ‡‡ | 5.4 (5.2–5.6) | 5.5 (5.3–5.7)§ | 5.6 (5.4–5.8) | 5.7 (5.5–5.9) | |
| GA (%) | 13.70±1.21 | 13.33±1.19‡‡ | 14.13±1.26 | 13.45±1.25§§ | 14.28±1.07 | 13.62±1.18 | |
| ALB (g/dL) | 4.73±0.34 | 4.72±0.33 | 4.70±0.33 | 4.59±0.33§§ | 4.71±0.30 | 4.66±0.31 | |
| aGA (g/dL) | 0.58±0.07 | 0.56±0.06‡‡ | 0.60±0.07 | 0.55±0.07 §§ | 0.61±0.07 | 0.57±0.07 | |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120.7 (113.0 –130.0) | 127.0 (120.0–139.2) ‡‡ | 116.7 (105.3–123.3) | 121.3 (116.3–130.0)§§ | 120.0 (110.0–129.3) | 123.3 (113.3–131.3) | |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.3 (71.3–82.0) | 80.0 (76.7–88.7) ‡‡ | 76.0 (70.0–80.0) | 79.3 (72.7–81.3)§§ | 76.0 (70.0–80.0) | 79.0 (69.3–82.7) | |
| TC (mmol/L ) | 4.9 (4.4–5.5) | 4.9 (4.3–5.5) | 4.7 (4.2–5.3) | 4.9 (4.3–5.4) | 5.5 (4.8–6.1) | 5.5 (5.0–6.1) | |
| TG (mmol/L ) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 1.5 (1.1–2.2) ‡‡ | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7)§§ | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | |
| HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) ‡‡ | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 1.5 (1.3–1.6)§§ | 1.6 (1.4–1.8) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) | 3.2 (2.7–3.7) | 3.3 (2.7–3.9) ‡ | 2.9 (2.4–3.4) | 3.2 (2.7–3.8)§§ | 3.3 (2.8–3.9) | 3.5 (3.1–4.0) | |
| CRP (mg/L ) | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 0.9 (0.5–1.9) ‡‡ | 0.3 (0.2–0.7) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5)§§ | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | 1.2 (0.7–2.4) | |
| Current smoker, N (%) | 404 (58.6%) | 199 (57.2%) | 13 (2.8%) | 2 (1.5%)§ | 10 (1.4%) | 4 (1.9%) | |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 160 (23.2%) | 139 (39.9%)‡‡ | 39 (8.4%) | 33 (25.2%)§§ | 149 (20.5%) | 88 (42.5%) | |
| Anti-hypertensive therapy, N (%) | 78 (11.3%) | 65 (18.7%)‡‡ | 19 (4.1%) | 23 (17.6%)§§ | 91 (12.5%) | 60 (29.0%) | |
| Hypertriglyceridemia, N (%) | 191 (27.7%) | 144 (41.4%)‡‡ | 55 (11.9%) | 31 (23.7%)§§ | 146 (20.1%) | 77 (37.2%) | |
| Hypercholesterolemia, N (%) | 254 (36.9%) | 124 (35.6%) | 134 (29.0%) | 46 (35.1%) | 448 (61.7%) | 142 (68.6%) | |
| Lipid-loweringtherapy, N (%) | 4 (0.6%) | 4 (1.1%) | 2 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 15 (2.1%) | 9 (4.3%) | |
| Low HDL-c, N (%) | 96 (13.9%) | 81 (23.3%)‡‡ | 13 (2.8%) | 8 (6.1%) | 14 (1.9%) | 8 (3.9%) | |
‡
P<0.05
‡‡
P<0.01 versus men with BMI<25kg/m2;
§
P<0.05
§§
P<0.01 versus premenopausal women with BMI<25 kg/m2;
¶
P<0.05
¶¶
P<0.01 versus postmenopausal women with BMI<25 kg/m2.
Abbreviations: ALB, albumin; aGA, absolute value of GA; CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FFM, free fat mass; FPG, fast plasma glucose; GA, glycated albumin; HDL-c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SFA, subcutaneous fat area; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; VFA, visceral fat area; W, waist circumference; 2hPG, 2-h post-OGTT plasma glucose. Data are mean ± SD or median (interquartile range).