ATGL is required for PEDF-mediated macrophage activation. (A) RAW cells express both ATGL and LR. RAW cell lysate was resolved by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with antibodies to β-actin, ATGL and LR. RAW cells were cultured with recombinant PEDF for 2.5 h in the presence or absence of (B, C) ATGL inhibitors, AACOCF3 or BEL or (D, E, F) anti-LR antibody or Lam B1925–933 peptide or EGF33–42 peptide at the indicated concentrations. TNF levels were measured in the supernatant by ELISA. Data are mean ± SE, *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 versus medium-alone control.