Figure 2. Pharmacological inhibition of TrxR in N27 cells results in decreased TrxR activity and increased H₂O₂ production and cell death.

(a) Aur (100 and 300 nM) decreases the activity of TrxR after 6 hr of incubation in a concentration-dependent manner. * = p<0.005 *** =  p<0.0001 by 1-way ANOVA (n = 8−12). Subtoxic concentrations of Aur or PQ alone caused minimal increases in H₂O₂ production after 24 hrs (b) and cell death after 48 hrs (c). Aur and PQ caused a synergistic increase in H₂O₂ production and an additive effect on cell death. Bars represent mean ± SEM. α = p<0.05 compared to 0 nM Aur in same PQ treatment, β = p<0.05 compared to 100 nM Aur in same PQ treatment, χ = p<0.05 compared to 0 µM PQ in same Aur treatment,φ = p<0.01 compared to 100 µM PQ in same Aur treatment by 2-way ANOVA (n = 10−16).