Figure 4. Increased susceptibility to H₂O₂ production and cell death in TrxR2 deficient cells.

(a) TrxR2 deficient and mock control cells were exposed to varying concentration of PQ for 12 hr and H₂O₂ production was measured via Amplex Red. At 100 µM, 300 µM and 1 mM PQ concentrations there was a significant increase in H₂O₂ released in the deficient cells compared to mock controls (n = 6) * = p<0.05 as determined 2-way ANOVA. (b) Cell death was determined in mock and TrxR2 deficient cells after 24 hrs exposure to varying concentrations of PQ (n = 12−16). * = p<0.01, ** =  p<0.001 as determined by 2-way ANOVA. (c) TrxR2 deficient cells were exposed to varying concentrations of PQ alone and in combination with the 100 U catalase and 10 µM AEOL10150 for 24 hrs. Catalase was unable to rescue the PQ induced cell death but co-incubation with AEOL10150 was able to significantly decrease %LDH released in TrxR2 deficient cells * = p<0.05, *** = p<0.001 as determined by 2-way ANOVA compared to TrxR2 deficient cells with PQ alone. Data points represent mean ± SEM (n = 6−30).