Table 2.

Multivariate-adjusted Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals)^* of Moderate (>0–100) and Severe (>100) Coronary Artery Calcium Associated with Traditional Risk Factors

Variable	Age-sex-race-adjusted OR (95% CI)			Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI)†
	Moderate (>0–100)	High (>100)	P-value for trends	Moderate (>0–100)	High (>100)	P-value for trends
High school graduation	0.86 (0.62, 1.17)	0.94 (0.68, 1.30)	0.61
Physical activity (19.2 MET/week)	1.00 (0.89, 1.11)	0.95 (0.84, 1.09)	0.74
Current smoking	1.37 (0.91, 2.06)	1.98 (1.30, 3.01)		1.51 (0.97, 2.34)	2.31 (1.45, 3.70)
			0.006			0.004
Former smoking	0.98 (0.76, 1.27)	1.34 (1.04, 1.74)		0.97 (0.74, 1.27)	1.31 (0.98, 1.74)
Alcohol consumption	0.95 (0.74, 1.22)	0.77 (0.60, 1.00)	0.11
Hypertension	2.11 (1.50, 2.97)	4.06 (2.70, 6.11)	<0.0001	1.77 (1.22, 2.57)	2.24 (1.43, 3.51)	0.0004
Diabetes mellitus	2.10 (1.64, 2.68)	4.60 (3.55, 5.95)	<0.0001	1.65 (1.26, 2.16)	3.25 (2.44, 4.34)	<0.0001
Use of lipid-lowering drugs	1.66 (1.31, 2.11)	3.37 (2.60, 4.35)	<0.0001	1.37 (1.06, 1.78)	2.56 (1.92, 3.40)	<0.0001
Systolic blood pressure (21.1 mm Hg)	1.15 (1.02, 1.31)	1.30 (1.15, 1.48)	0.0002
Body mass index (6.7 kg/m2)	1.21 (1.07, 1.36)	1.32 (1.17, 1.49)	<0.0001	0.89 (0.69, 1.14)	0.69 (0.53, 0.90)	0.02
Waist circumference (15.9 cm)	1.26 (1.11, 1.42)	1.49 (1.31, 1.68)	<0.0001	1.29 (1.00, 1.66)	1.66 (1.27, 2.17)	0.001
HDL cholesterol (15.8 mg/dL)	0.80 (0.70, 0.91)	0.79 (0.69, 0.90)	0.0002
LDL cholesterol (34.9 mg/dL)	0.93 (0.83, 1.04)	0.75 (0.66, 0.85)	<0.0001
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (15.1 ml/min/1.73m2)	0.90 (0.80, 1.01)	0.70 (0.62, 0.79)	<0.0001

^*Odds ratios were calculated using multinomial logistic regression models.

^†Variables with p-value <0.05 were kept in final model using backward selection.