Table 2.

Univariate and multivariable analyses of association of demographic, social, and health factors with insufficient fruit and vegetable (FV) intake in older South Africans

	Unadjusted odds ratios (95% CI)	Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI)
Gender
Female	1.00	1.00
Male	0.74 (0.61–0.89)**	0.82 (0.65–1.04)
Age
50–59	1.00	1.00
60–69	0.92 (0.71–1.18)	1.06 (0.82–1.38)
70 and over	0.91 (0.71–1.17)	0.95 (0.69–1.32)
Population group
Black African	1.00	1.00
White	0.35 (0.15–0.80)*	0.46 (0.22–0.97)*
Colored	1.07 (0.64–1.80)	1.18 (0.72–1.92)
Indian or Asian	0.46 (0.25–0.83)*	0.53 (0.28–0.98)*
Marital status
Single	1.00	–
Married	0.71 (0.39–1.29)	–
Separated/divorced	0.98 (0.52–1.84)	–
Widow	0.94 (0.49–1.81)	–
Educational level
No schooling	1.00	1.00
Less than primary	0.93 (0.61–1.40)	0.64 (0.40–1.04)
Primary	0.84 (0.54–1.31)	0.56 (0.31–1.01)
Secondary or more	0.57 (0.38–0.86)**	0.55 (0.35–0.86)*
Wealth
Low	1.00	–
Medium	0.78 (0.55–1.10)	–
High	0.56 (0.30–1.02)	–
Geolocality
Rural	1.00	–
Urban	0.61 (0.26–1.43)	–
Other conditions
Hypertension (examined and self-report)	0.87 (0.58–1.29)	–
Diabetes	0.80 (0.52–1.22)	–
Overweight	0.66 (0.49–0.87)**	0.90 (0.65–1.26)
Symptom based depression	1.45 (0.64–3.29)	–
Eat less because of no food
Every or almost every month	1.00	–
Some months or only 1 or 2 months	0.47 (0.15–1.48)	–
Never	0.72 (0.35–1.47)	–
Hungry because could not afford
Every or almost every month	1.00	–
Some months or only 1 or 2 months	0.51 (0.16–1.65)	–
Never	0.79 (0.41–1.53)	–
Daily tobacco use	1.65 (1.13–2.40)**	1.67 (1.07–2.59)*
Alcohol use (past month)	1.40 (0.82–2.40)	–
Physical inactivity	0.94 (0.57–1.53)	–
Subjective health status
Very/good	1.00	–
Moderate	1.43 (0.89–2.32)	–
Bad/very bad	0.80 (0.41–1.56)	–
Social cohesion index	1.00 (0.97–1.03)	–
Religious involvement	0.71 (0.53–0.91)*	0.95 (0.66–1.36)
Quality of life	0.95 (0.91–1.00)*	0.98 (0.95–1.01)

^**P<0.01;

^*P<0.5.