Table 2.

General linear mixed models estimates of family cohesion as a function of acculturative stress

Explanatory variables	Model 1 estimates (SE)	Model 2 estimates (SE)
Intercept	6.22 (.53)**	6.67 (.64)**
Gendera	−0.03 (.08)	−0.02 (.10)
Age	−0.01 (.01)	−0.01 (.01)
Immigration statusb	−0.34 (.13)**	−0.48 (.15)**
Education statusc	0.18 (.05)**	0.18 (.06)**
Annual household income (adjusted for dependents)	<−0.01 (<.01)	<−0.01 (<.01)
Marital statusd	−.014 (.09)	−0.19 (.10)
Immigration with familye	0.27 (.15)	0.05 (.18)
Primary language in communityf	0.04 (.05)	0.01 (.06)
English language proficiencyg	<0.01 (.06)	0.03 (.07)
Months in US	−0.01 (.01)	−0.02 (.02)
Acculturative stress	<−0.01 (<.01)	<−0.01 (<.01)
Time	0.16 (.06)**	−0.76 (.74)
Gender × time		−.002 (.11)
Age × time		−0.01 (.01)
Immigration status × time		0.28 (.18)
Education status × time		<0.01 (.07)
Annual household income (adjusted for dependents) × time		0.01 (<.01)
Marital status × time		0.10 (.12)
Immigration with family × time		0.47 (.21)*
Primary language in community × time		0.06 (.07)
English language proficiency × time		−0.06 (.08)
Time in US (in months) × time		0.02 (.02)
Acculturative stress × time		−0.01 (<.01)*

SE standard error.

^*p < .05,

^**p < .01.

The explanatory variables with “X” represent the longitudinal effects of the explanatory variables on the rate of decline in family cohesion from pre to post immigration.

^a0 = female, 1 = male.

^b0 = undocumented, 1 = documented.

^c1 = less than high school, 2 = high school, 3 = some training/college after high school, 4 = bachelor’s degree, 5 = graduate/professional studies.

^d0 = non-married/partnered, 1 = married/partnered.

^e0 = no family in US post-immigration, 1 = family member(s) present in US postimmigration.

^f1 = only English to 5 = only Spanish.

^g1 = don’t speak/understand to 5 = speak it very