APPENDIX.
Target Items Used in Experiments 1 and 2
| High-Frequency Words | ||||||
| think | black | hand | must | drive | told | went |
| small | place | great | still | state | group | want |
| mind | help | glass | field | blood | change | close |
| land | trees | class | plan | built | brown | stage |
| cold | tried | range | bring | growth | start | stand |
| stock | sent | trade | trial | friend | chance | placed |
| truth | spent | plant | sense | green | speak | price |
| High-Frequency Nonwords | ||||||
| /bɪnk/ | /blæf/ | /hɔnd/ | /mʌnt/ | /praɪv/ | /tæld/ | /wɪnt/ |
| /smol/ | /plef/ | /gref/ | /stæl/ | /spet/ | /prup/ | /lant/ |
| /mʌnd/ | /hεlk/ | /glɪs/ | /mild/ | /blɪd/ | /kendʓ/ | /klop/ |
| /lɪnd/ | /troz/ | /klæg/ | /plʌn/ | /mɪlt/ | /graʄn/ | /stεdʓ/ |
| /dʓold/ | /graɪd/ | /rɪndʓ/ | /brɪv/ | /gloθ/ | /spart/ | /smænd/ |
| /stik/ | /sɪnt/ | /dred/ | /draɪl/ | /frεld/ | /bæns/ | /pleft/ |
| /trʌθ/ | /spont/ | /glænt/ | /sεls/ | /grib/ | /spʌk/ | /praɪl/ |
| Low-Frequency Words | ||||||
| bald | belch | smug | creep | flock | halt | hint |
| scanned | slate | spade | wrist | blend | blows | blunt |
| dense | dread | dusk | grips | mask | slack | sped |
| trades | clicked | clocks | crisp | kills | plots | scout |
| slips | stunned | tricks | cracks | hunch | prop | slick |
| twin | wink | brute | pinch | snack | cling | bins |
| bolt | gram | scars | stole | clause | quill | clashed |
| Low-Frequency Nonwords | ||||||
| /bʌld/ | /bεld/ | /smʌf/ | /krɪp/ | /slak/ | /kɔlt/ | hoʄnt/ |
| /skʌnd/ | /klet/ | /spad/ | /dɪst/ | /brεnd/ | /blov/ | /plʌnt/ |
| /dεls/ | /drɪd/ | /Iʌsk/ | /grɪks/ | /mosk/ | /klæk/ | /smεd/ |
| /predʓ/ | /blɪkt/ | /glaks/ | /krɪlp/ | /kɪlf/ | /flats/ | /skot/ |
| /stɪps/ | /stind/ | /trɪfs/ | /præks/ | /hʌlʈ ʃ/ | /pras/ | /slʌk/ |
| /kwɪn/ | /wank/ | /brɪt/ | /pænʈ ʃ/ | /snæf/ | /krɪŋ/ | /lɪnz/ |
| /bolf/ | /glæm/ | /skæz/ | /stεl/ | /kliz/ | /kwaɪl/ | /klæft/ |