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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2012 Dec;71(12):1047–1063. doi: 10.1097/NEN.0b013e318274a128

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells and CTIP2-positive layer V neurons migrate through early basement membrane (BM) breaches into meningeal spaces. (A-G) Reelin-positive CR cells form a monolayer in the marginal zone (MZ, layer I) directly below intact pial basement membrane (BM) in wild type (WT) Dag1+/+ E14.5 (A, arrows), E16.5 (C), and P0.5 (E) brains. CR cells (B, arrow) migrate through small BM gaps in E14.5 Dag1 conditional knockout (cKO) (DG−/−), brains. In E16.5 Dag1 cKO brains, many cortical plate (CP) neurons migrate into meningeal heterotopia (HT) through large gaps (double arrowheads) in the CR cell layer (D). At P0.5, most CR cells are in meningeal HT above disrupted BM (F, G, double arrowheads) and are arranged randomly (F, single arrowhead) in clusters (F, single arrow), and less frequently in single layers (G, single arrow) resembling layer I of WT cortical plates (CP). (H-M) Intact BM overlays layer V CTIP2-positive neurons in Dag1+/+ brains at E14.5 (H), E15.5 (J), and E18.5 (L). Between E14.5 (I), E15.5 (K), and E18.5 (M), CTIP2-positive neurons progressively accumulate in superficial CP layers and meningeal heterotopia of Dag1 cKO brains above disrupted BM. VZ, ventricular zone; SVZ, subventricular zone; IZ, intermediate zone. Scale bars: A, B, E–K, 25 µm; C, D, 50 µm; L, M, 100 µm.