Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants stratified by hormonal contraception use
| (%) | No HC Use % (N=5750) | Current OCP %(N=1490) | P* | Current DMPA %(N=478) | P** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Clinic Type | |||||
| STD | 37.7 (2167) | 17.8 (265) | <0.001 | 9.8 (47) | <0.001 |
| Family Planning | 31.1 (1804) | 52.8 (784) | <0.001 | 60.3 (313) | <0.001 |
| Primary Care | 30.9 (1779) | 29.6 (441) | 0.33 | 24.7 (118) | 0.004 |
|
| |||||
| Race | |||||
| Black | 26.2(1506) | 13.8 (205) | <0.001 | 30.5 (146) | 0.02 |
| White | 39.3 (2260) | 63.2 (942) | <0.001 | 37.2 (178) | 0.53 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 14.5 (831) | 6.4 (96) | <0.001 | 3.1(15) | <0.001 |
| American Indian/Alaska | 1.2 (68) | 0.6 (9) | 0.002 | 0.6 (3) | 0.30 |
| Multiracial | 1.7 (96) | 1.0 (15) | 0.4 | 2.3 (11) | 0.4 |
| Refused/Unknown | 17.2 (989) | 15.0 (223) | 0.2 | 26.2 (125) | <0.001 |
|
| |||||
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 29.6 (1700) | 27.7 (413) | 0.67 | 41.8 (200) | <0.001 |
| Refused/Unknown | 1.4 (81) | 1.7 (25) | 0.40 | 1.05 (5) | 0.28 |
|
| |||||
| Age (years) | |||||
| <18 | 3.7 (213) | 3.0 (45) | 0.20 | 10.0 (48) | <0.001 |
| 18–25 | 33.6 (1933) | 52.0 (775) | <0.001 | 49.8 (238) | <0.001 |
| 26–45 | 48.6 (2795) | 42.3 (631) | 0.01 | 38.3 (183) | 0.008 |
| >45 | 14.1 (809) | 2.6 (39) | <0.001 | 1.9 (9) | <0.001 |
|
| |||||
| Tobacco use | |||||
| Current | 32.8 (1875) | 20.9 (309) | <0.001 | 28.3 (134) | 0.05 |
| Past | 18.5 (1065) | 21.4 (319) | 0.012 | 15.3 (73) | 0.08 |
| Ever | 51.7 (2939) | 43.5 (627) | <0.001 | 44.1 (207) | 0.002 |
|
| |||||
| Condom Use | 43.3 (2487) | 30.9 (461) | <0.001 | 18.8 (90) | <0.001 |
|
| |||||
| Total # lifetime partners | |||||
| 1–3 | 38.7 (2227) | 43.1 (642) | 0.05 | 50.2 (240) | 0.002 |
| 4–10 | 36.2 (2081) | 40.0 (596) | 0.01 | 33.5 (160) | 0.18 |
| >10 | 23.8 (1371) | 16.3 (243) | <0.001 | 16.1 (77) | 0.002 |
|
| |||||
| # Partners last 6 months | |||||
| 0–3 | 93.4 (5340) | 95.3 (1414) | 0.01 | 96.4 (448) | 0.01 |
| 4–10 | 2.1 (123) | 1.1 (17) | 0.01 | 0.6 (3) | 0.001 |
| >10 | 3.3 (187) | 3.0 (45) | 0.70 | 4.0 (19) | 0.76 |
|
| |||||
| # New partners last 6m | |||||
| 0 | 61.7 (3545) | 66.0 (984) | 0.002 | 70.1 (335) | <0.001 |
| 1–3 | 31.2 (1795) | 28.9 (430) | 0.08 | 23.6 (113) | 0.01 |
| 4–10 | 2.1 (123) | 1.1 (17) | 0.01 | 0.6 (3) | 0.03 |
| >10 | 3.3 (187) | 3.0 (45) | 0.74 | 4.0 (19) | 0.34 |
|
| |||||
| Age at sexual debut | |||||
| ≤14 | 19.3 (1109) | 13.1 (194) | <0.001 | 20.8 (99) | 0.47 |
| 15–18 | 50.2 (2885) | 61.2 (912) | <0.001 | 58.4 (279) | 0.001 |
| >18 | 29.5 (1697) | 25.0 (373) | 0.01 | 20.7 (99) | 0.002 |
|
| |||||
| #of children | |||||
| 0 | 21.4 (1229) | 21.1 (315) | 0.9 | 21.3 (102) | 0.9 |
| 1–2 | 36.6 (2102) | 28.1 (418) | <0.001 | 49.6 (237) | <0.001 |
| >2 | 20.7 (1188) | 8.3 (123) | <0.001 | 12.3 (59) | <0.001 |
| Missing/unknown | 21.4 (1231) | 42.6 (634) | <0.001 | 16.7 (80) | 0.02 |
|
| |||||
| Concomitant Infections*** | |||||
| HIV | 0.1 (2) | 0 (0) | <0.001 | 0 (0) | 0.84 |
| GC | 2.7 (110) | 0.7 (6) | <0.001 | 0.6 (2) | 0.02 |
| CT | 7.1 (303) | 4.1 (41) | 0.001 | 8.2 (29) | 0.39 |
| Trichomonas | 4.5 (254) | 1.0 (14) | <0.001 | 2.4 (11) | 0.03 |
| BV | 21.2 (1201) | 9.6 (140) | <0.001 | 8.39 (39) | <0.001 |
| Candidiasis | 10.2 (577) | 11.3 (164) | 0.25 | 7.1 (33) | 0.001 |
|
| |||||
| HPV *** | |||||
| Any | 33.4 (1841) | 34.2 (494) | 0.58 | 37.2 (171) | 0.10 |
| LRʃ | 18.7 (1030) | 17.7 (256) | 0.39 | 19.6 (90) | 0.64 |
| HRʃ | 24.2 (1335) | 25.7 (371) | 0.26 | 28.9 (133) | 0.03 |
| Clade A7^ | 9.7 (535) | 9.8 (142) | 0.9 | 12.1 (56) | 0.09 |
| Clade A9^^ | 11.1 (613) | 13.1 (189) | 0.8 | 15 (69) | 0.01 |
| 16 | 4.8 (265) | 7.1 (102) | 0.001 | 8.0 (37) | 0.002 |
| 18 | 2.2 (122) | 2.1 (30) | 0.75 | 2.8 (13) | 0.40 |
| 45 | 1.8 (99) | 1.4 (20) | 0.28 | 3.0 (14) | 0.06 |
| 31 | 1.8 (101) | 1.7 (25) | 0.79 | 2.0 (9) | 0.84 |
|
| |||||
| Pap Results | |||||
| Normal | 80.9 (4651) | 78.4 (1169) | 0.05 | 80.3 (384) | 0.76 |
| ASC-US | 7.9 (456) | 9.9 (148) | 0.01 | 9.2 (44) | 0.24 |
| ASC-H/ AGC | 0.9 (49) | 0.8 (12) | 1.0 | 0.2 (1) | 0.18 |
| LSIL/HSIL/AIS | 6.1 (351) | 7.3 (108) | 0.12 | 4.8 (23) | 0.31 |
| Missing | 4.2 (243) | 3.6 (53) | 0.30 | 5.4 (26) | 0.24 |
OCP= oral contraceptive pill; DMPA= depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate; NS= not statistically significant; LR= low risk; HR= high risk; GC= gonorrhea; CT= chlamydia; BV= bacterial vaginosis; ASCUS= atypical squamous cells of unclear significance; LSIL=low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; HSIL= high-grade squamous epithelial lesion; AIS= adenocarcinoma in situ.
Chi-squared p-values comparing ‘No HC’ group to ‘Current OCP’ group;
Chi-squared p-values comparing ‘No HC’ group to ‘Current DMPA’ group
Of specimens tested
Women with concomitant detection of both LR and HR types were excluded from this analysis
Clade A7 includes HPV types 18, 39, 45, 59, and 68
Clade A9 includes HPV types 16, 31, 33, 35, 52, and 58