Table 2.
Univariable and multivariable associations of HC use, HPV detection, and Pap smear abnormalities.
| Current OCP | Current DMPA | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRR (95%CI) | aPRR* (95%CI) | PRR (95%CI) | aPRR* (95%CI) | |
| HPV: Any type | 1.02 (0.93–1.13) | 1.01 (0.91–1.12) | 1.11 (0.95–1.30) | 1.11 (0.94–1.30) |
| HPV: LR* (any) | 0.95 (0.83–1.09) | 0.99 (0.85–1.14) | 1.05 (0.84–1.30) | 1.07 (0.85–1.14) |
| HPV: HR* (any) | 1.06 (0.94–1.19) | 1.02 (0.90–1.16) | 1.19 (1.00–1.43) | 1.18 (0.98–1.42) |
| HPV: Clade A7^ | 1.01 (0.84–1.22) | 0.97 (0.80–1.19) | 1.25 (0.95–1.65) | 1.28 (0.96–1.70) |
| HPV Clade A9^^ | 1.18 (1.00–1.38) | 1.13 (0.95–1.35) | 1.21 (0.93–1.58) | 1.19 (0.89–1.58) |
| HPV: Type 16 | 1.47 (1.17–1.84) | 1.34 (1.05–1.71) | 1.67 (1.19–2.36) | 1.41 (1.01–2.04) |
| HPV: Type 18 | 0.94 (0.63–1.40) | 0.88 (0.57–1.34) | 1.28 (0.72–2.30) | 1.19 (0.65–2.15) |
| HPV: Type 45 | 0.77 (0.48–1.25) | 0.74 (0.44–1.24) | 1.69 (0.97–2.97) | 1.90 (0.98–3.43) |
| HPV: Type 31 | 0.94 (0.61–1.47) | 0.92 (0.57–1.47) | 1.07 (0.54–2.11) | 1.05 (0.52–2.14) |
| ASCUS | 1.26 (1.06–1.50) | 1.31 (1.06–1.61) | 1.17 (1.04–1.33) | 0.84 (0.68–1.05) |
| ASC-H/AGC/LSIL/HSIL/AIS | 1.18 (0.97–1.43) | 1.13 (0.90–1.40) | 0.74 (0.50–1.10) | 0.68 (0.44–1.05) |
Adjusted for the following variables (all variables are categorical; the categories are listed in Table 1): age, race, age at first intercourse, total number of children, current pregnancy, lifetime number of sex partners, new partners in past 6 months, current tobacco use, past tobacco use, HIV status, condom use, clinic type, and reproductive tract infection (only for ASCUS). PRR= prevalence rate ratio; aPRR= adjusted PRR; OCP= oral contraceptive pill; DMPA= depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate; aOR= adjusted odds ratio; CI= confidence intervals; LR= low risk; HR= high risk ASCUS= atypical squamous cells of unclear significance; LSIL=low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; HSIL= high-grade squamous epithelial lesion; AIS= adenocarcinoma in situ.
Women with concomitant detection of both LR and HR types were excluded from this analysis.
Clade A7 includes HPV types 18, 39, 45, 59, and 68
Clade A9 includes HPV types 16, 31, 33, 35, 52, and 58
The PRR reflects the prevalence risk ratio of that association among OCP or DMPA users compared to non-HC users