Table 1.

Effects of dual task performance, instructed focus, and task difficulty on absolute and relative measures of cognitive task and walking performance. Values represent the mean (standard deviation).

	Usual base walking				Narrow base walking
	Single task	Equal focus	Dual task Walking focus	Cognitive focus	Single task	Equal focus	Dual task Walking focus	Cognitive focus
Cognitive task
Response Latency (s)	0.65 (0.10)	0.72 (0.12)	0.82 (0.12)	0.66 (0.10)	0.65 (0.10)	0.75 (0.11)	0.83 (0.14)	0.71 (0.13)
Response latency DTE (%)	---	−11.5 (14.4)	−27.0 (14.6)	−2.2 (9.6)	---	−16.3 (16.8)	−28.7 (19.9)	−8.8 (16.3)
Response accuracy (%)	99.2 (1.1)	99.5 (1.5)	98.8 (2.3)	99.7 (0.9)	99.2 (1.1)	99.3 (1.2)	98.8 (2.4)	98.7 (2.1)
Response accuracy DTE (%)	---	0.3 (2.1)	−0.4 (2.1)	0.5 (1.1)	---	0.1 (1.7)	−0.4 (2.8)	−0.6 (2.1)
Cognitive task DTE (%)	---	−11.2 (15.7)	−27.4 (14.6)	−1.8 (10.0)	---	−16.2 (16.5)	−29.1 (20.0)	−9.4 (16.9)
Walking
Gait speed (m/s)	1.86 (0.21)	1.82 (0.22)	1.88 (0.22)	1.80 (0.22)	1.74 (0.25)	1.71 (0.28)	1.74 (0.26)	1.74 (0.26)
Gait speed DTE (%)	---	−2.3 (4.7)	1.4 (3.9)	−3.5 (3.4)	---	−2.0 (3.9)	0.0 (3.6)	−0. (4.4)
Step accuracy (%)	---	---	---	---	56.7 (15.4)	53.5 (20.9)	51.4 (19.8)	45.1 (15.9)
Step accuracy DTE (%)	---	---	---	---	---	−6.5 (19.4)	−10.6 (17.7)	−21.6 (15.0)
Walking DTE (%)	---	−2.3 (4.7)	1.4 (3.9)	−3.5 (3.4)	---	−8.6 (18.3)	−10.6 (16.5)	−21.6 (14.9)