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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Nov 30.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Cell. 2012 Oct 11;48(4):612–626. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.08.033

Figure 5. Butyrate is a Carbon Donor for Acetyl-CoA and Histone Acetylation.

Figure 5

(A and B) Nuclear acetyl-CoA levels (A) and HAT activity (B) in siMock and siACL (as indicated at the top) HCT116 cells. Cells were untreated or treated with butyrate as indicated at the bottom. Results are from 3 independent experiments and are presented as mean ± SE with significant differences indicated (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 compared to no-butyrate control; n.s., not significant).

(C) LC-MS chromatograms of hydrolyzed histones from HCT116 cells treated with 0.5 mM of uniformly labeled 13C4-butyrate for 3 days. The 13C2-acetate peak is larger in siMock cells (top spectrum) than siACL cells (bottom spectrum) as indicated by the numbers, which correspond to the area under the peaks.

(D) Quantification of 13C2-acetate levels from hydrolyzed histones isolated from untreated or 13C4-butyrate-treated siMock and siACL HCT116 cells. The results are normalized to histone levels (as indicated on the y axis) and are presented as the mean ± SE from 3 independent experiments.