| Cascio, Foss-Feig, Heacock, et al, 2012 [268] |
17 (17) |
23** |
12.8 ± 2.5 |
13.2 ± 3.4 |
Viewed images of high-calorie foods after fasting |
↑Bilateral insula along anterior-posterior gradient; ↑ACC to food cues |
Abnormally enhanced neural response to primary rewards in ASD |
| Dichter, Richey, Rittenberg, 2012 [269] |
16 (14) |
20 (14) |
26.0 ± 9.1 |
25.4 ± 7.0 |
Incentive delay task with monetary and social rewards |
↓NAC, OFC during monetary anticipation; ↑Right insula to face incentives; ↑Bilateral AMY during face anticipation that correlated with social symptoms |
Domain-general reward circuitry dysfunction, atypical amygdala activation to social rewards may contribute to social symptom severity in ASD |
| Dichter, Felder, Green, et al, 2012 [270] |
15 (15) |
16 (16) |
30.1 ± 11.6 |
27.5 ± 7.5 |
Incentive delay task with monetary rewards and rewards related to circumscribed interests |
↓NAC during monetary anticipation and outcomes; ↑VMPFC to circumscribed interests incentives |
Reward circuitry hypoactwation to monetary incentives but hyperactivation to circumscribed interests in ASD. Possible neural mechanism of circumscribed interests in ASD |
| Kohls, Schulte-Ruther, Nehrkorn, et al, 2012 [271] |
15 (15) |
17 (17) |
14.6 ± 3.3 |
13.9 ± 3.0 |
Go/no-go task with social vs. monetary rewards |
↓Midbrain, THAL, AMY, striatium, ACC to both rewards; ↓NAC to monetary reward, but not social reward |
Domain-general reward system dysfunction in ASD |
| Schmitz, Rubia, van Amelswoort, et al, 2008 [272] |
10 (10) |
10 (10) |
37.8 ± 7 |
38.2 ± 6 |
Rewarded continuous performance task |
↑Left ACG during reward trials that correlated with social symptom severity; |
Reward achievement associated with abnormal activation in areas responsible for attention and arousal in ASD |
| Scott-Van Zeeland, Dapretto, Ghahremani, 2010 [273] |
16 (16) |
16 (16) |
12.4 ± 2.14 |
12.3 ± 1.76 |
Implicit learning task with social vs. monetary rewards |
↓VS to both social and monetary rewards (more pronounced to social rewards. |
Diminished neural responses during social reward learning may contribute to social learning impairments in ASD |
