| Anderson, Nielsen, Froehlich, et al, 2011 [274] |
40 (40) |
40 (40) |
22.7 ± 7.4 |
21.6 ± 7.4 |
8' resting scan with eyes open |
Negatively correlated ROI pairs showed decreased anticorrelation in ASD; Greatest connectivity differences in default mode network, superior parietal lobule, FG and Al |
Weaker inhibitory connections, particularly for long connections; Resting state fMRI may be feasible as a diagnostic classifier for ASD |
| Cherkassky, Kana, Keller, Just, 2006 [275] |
57 (53) |
57 (52) |
24.0 ± 10.6 |
24.0 ± 9 |
Periods of rest during task-based scans (duration not specified) |
Decreased connectivity in resting-state networks despite similar volume and organization; Decreased posterior—anterior connectivity |
Resting state underconnectivity in ASD |
| Di Martino, Kelly, Grzadzinski, et al, 2011 [276] |
20 (17) |
20 (14) |
10.4 ± 1.7 |
10.9±1.6 |
6' 38'' resting scan with eyes open |
Increased connectivity between striatal subregions and heteromodal associative and limbic cortex; Increased pons-striatum and pons-insula connectivity |
Increased connectivity in ectopic circuits reflects alternate trajectory of development, rather than immaturity of circuits |
| Kennedy, Courchesne, 2008 [277] |
13 (13) |
12 (12) |
26.9 ± 12.3 |
27.5 ± 10.9 |
7' 10'' resting scan with eyes open |
Reduced default mode network connectivity |
Altered functional organization of the network involved in social and emotional processing |
| Lai, Lombardo, Chakrabarti, et al, 2010 [278] |
18 (18) |
33 (33) |
26.9 ± 7.4 |
28.4 ± 6.1 |
13' 39'' resting scan with eyes dosed (only last 512 of 625 volumes analyzed). |
More randomness in midline structures, medial temporal structures, lateral temporal and parietal structures, insula, AMY, BG, THAL, IFG; Social symptoms negatively correlated with randomness in retrosplenial and right anterior IC |
ASD associated with small but significant shift towards randomness in endogenous brain oscillations |
| Monk, Peltier, Wiggins, et aI, 2009 [279] |
12 (11) |
12 (10) |
26 ± 5.93 |
27 ± 6.1 |
10' resting scan with eyes open |
Decreased PCC-SFG connectivity; Increased connectivity between PCC and right TL and right PHG; Social symptoms correlated with PCC-SFG connectivity, repetitive behaviors correlated with PCC—right PHG connectivity |
Altered intrinsic connectivity that was associated with core symptoms |
| Paakki, Rahko, Long et al, 2010 [280] |
28 (20) |
27 (18) |
14.58 ± 1.62 |
14.49 ± 1.51 |
7' 36'' resting scan with eyes open |
Decreased regional homogeneity in right STS, right IFS, right MFG, bilateral cerebellum, right insula, right postcentral gyrus; Increased regional homogeneity in right THAL, left IFG, left anterior subcallosal gyrus, bilateral cerebellar lobule VIII |
Right-dominant alterations of resting state activity |
| von dem Hagen, Stoyanowa, Baron-Cohen, Calder,2012 [281] |
18 (18) |
25 (25) |
30 ± 8 |
25 ± 6 |
10' resting scan with eyes open |
Decreased default mode network connectivity; Decreased connectivity in salience network (includes insula) and a medial TL network (includes AMY) |
Reduced connectivity in networks involved with the “social brain”, May be implicated in difficulties with communication and information integration |
| Weng, Wiggins, Peltier, et al, 2010 [282] |
16 (14) |
15 (14) |
15.0 ± 1.45 |
16.0 ± 1.44 |
10' resting scan with eyes open |
Decreased connectivity in 9 of 11 default mode areas; Social and repetitive behavior symptoms correlated with decreased connectivity in parts of default mode network; Communication correlated with increased connectivity in parts of default mode network |
Decreased default mode network connectivity in adolescents with ASDs than in adults with ASDs |
| Wiggins, Peltier, Ashmoff et al, 2011[283] |
39 (32) |
41 (33) |
14.0 ± 2.08 |
15.3 ± 2.4 |
10' resting scan with eyes open |
Decreased connectivity between posterior hub of default network and right SFG; Less increase in connectivity with age |
Different developmental trajectory of default mode network |
