Table 3.
Change in clinical chemistry parameters with age and treatment group* (Mean values with their 95 % confidence intervals)
| Group A† | Group B‡ | Group C§ | Group D∥ | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (weeks) | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | Mean | 95 % CI | P ¶ | |
| Protein (g/l) | 8 | 48·3 | 47·2, 49·4 | 49·5 | 47·7, 51·3 | 48·3 | 46·4, 50·1 | 47·9 | 46·3, 49·5 | |
| 26 | 55·7 | 53·9, 57·5 | 55·8 | 53·3, 58·3 | 55·7 | 54·0, 57·5 | 55·5 | 53·8, 57·2 | 0·526 | |
| 52 | 54·9 | 53·1, 56·6 | 57·3 | 55·3, 59·3 | 58·0 | 56·5, 59·5 | 57·1 | 55·4, 58·8 | ||
| Albumin (g/l) | 8 | 24·9 | 23·7, 26·1 | 25·1 | 22·9, 27·2 | 24·7 | 22·8, 26·6 | 24·0 | 22·3, 25·7 | |
| 26 | 29·6 | 28·9, 30·3 | 29·6 | 28·3, 31·0 | 29·1 | 28·2, 30·0 | 29·2 | 28·1, 30·2 | 0·379 | |
| 52 | 28·5 | 27·1, 29·8 | 29·8 | 28·5, 31·1 | 30·3 | 29·2, 31·4 | 29·6 | 28·4, 30·92 | ||
| Phosphate (mmol/l) | 8 | 2·72 | 2·63, 2·8 | 2·69 | 2·62, 2·75 | 2·71 | 2·58, 2·84 | 2·72 | 2·61, 2·83 | |
| 26 | 2·29 | 2·12, 2·45 | 2·24 | 2·02, 2·47 | 2·24 | 2·06, 2·43 | 2·31 | 2·13, 2·48 | 0·869 | |
| 52 | 1·64 | 1·54, 1·75 | 1·63 | 1·52, 1·75 | 1·72 | 1·58, 1·86 | 1·62 | 1·5, 1·75 | ||
| ALP (U/l) | 8 | 432 | 405, 460 | 447 | 396, 499 | 448 | 403, 492 | 405 | 348, 462 | |
| 26 | 221 | 187, 254 | 232 | 210, 255 | 247 | 213, 281 | 222 | 189, 256 | 0·780 | |
| 52 | 104 | 76, 132 | 103 | 83, 124 | 109 | 86, 132 | 109 | 82, 137 | ||
| ALT (U/l) | 8 | 25·6 | 22·5, 28·7 | 25·0 | 20·9, 29·2 | 23·8 | 20·7, 27·0 | 23·9 | 19·4, 28·4 | |
| 26 | 37·8 | 34·5, 41·1 | 42·7 | 35·1, 50·4 | 35·1 | 31·7, 38·5 | 41·3 | 34·8, 47·8 | 0·862 | |
| 52 | 48·5 | 34·5, 62·6 | 45·7 | 39·0, 52·4 | 39·0 | 34·9, 43·1 | 63·1 | 33·7, 92·6 | ||
| AST (U/l) | 8 | 24·9 | 21·5, 28·3 | 23·3 | 20·7, 25·9 | 24·9 | 21·9, 27·9 | 24·6 | 22·0, 27·3 | |
| 26 | 30·5 | 27·4, 33·6 | 29·2 | 25·6, 32·9 | 29·3 | 25·8, 32·8 | 30·7 | 25·2, 36·1 | 0·695 | |
| 52 | 30·0 | 27·0, 33·0 | 29·3 | 25·6, 32·9 | 28·1 | 25·8, 30·5 | 27·5 | 23·6, 31·4 | ||
| Ca (mmol/l) | 8 | 2·84 | 2·80, 2·88 | 2·84 | 2·79, 2·89 | 2·82 | 2·76, 2·87 | 2·83 | 2·79, 2·87 | |
| 26 | 2·75 | 2·71, 2·80 | 2·79 | 2·75, 2·84 | 2·77 | 2·72, 2·82 | 2·77 | 2·72, 2·82 | 0·535 | |
| 52 | 2·59 | 2·55, 2·63 | 2·62 | 2·59, 2·64 | 2·65 | 2·60, 2·71 | 2·60 | 2·56, 2·64 | ||
| Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 8 | 5·18 | 4·78, 5·58 | 5·02 | 4·62, 5·42 | 4·87 | 4·45, 5·29 | 4·96 | 4·58, 5·33 | |
| 26 | 7·00 | 6·33, 7·67 | 6·84 | 6·15, 7·52 | 6·53 | 5·86, 7·2 | 6·79 | 6·25, 7·32 | 0·974 | |
| 52 | 5·86 | 5·21, 6·51 | 6·11 | 5·54, 6·67 | 5·86 | 5·27, 6·46 | 6·14 | 5·61, 6·66 | ||
| Urea (mmol/l) | 8 | 2·29 | 2·03, 2·55 | 2·39 | 2·04, 2·75 | 2·56 | 2·19, 2·94 | 2·17 | 1·97, 2·37 | |
| 26 | 4·96 | 4·49, 5·43 | 4·91 | 4·44, 5·39 | 4·81 | 4·47, 5·13 | 4·57 | 4·19, 4·94 | 0·135 | |
| 52 | 5·74 | 5·35, 6·13 | 5·78 | 5·35, 6·22 | 6·00 | 5·35, 6·64 | 5·44 | 4·84, 6·04 | ||
| Creatinine (mmol/l) | 8 | 38·3 | 36·9, 39·6 | 38·0 | 36·3, 39·7 | 36·5 | 35·0, 38·0 | 37·9 | 36·7, 39·3 | |
| 26 | 72·3 | 68·7, 76·0 | 70·3 | 68·2, 72·5 | 67·7 | 65·3, 70·2 | 69·8 | 65·6, 73·9 | 0·500 | |
| 52 | 83·1 | 76·4, 89·9 | 84·9 | 77·5, 92·2 | 83·6 | 77·1, 90·1 | 82·7 | 75·3, 90·0 | ||
| TAG (mmol/l) | 8 | 0·68 | 0·6, 0·76 | 0·67 | 0·6, 0·75 | 0·62 | 0·53, 0·71 | 0·61 | 0·54, 0·68 | |
| 26 | 0·71 | 0·56, 0·85 | 1·03 | 0·45, 1·62 | 0·72 | 0·52, 0·91 | 0·65 | 0·52, 0·77 | 0·661 | |
| 52 | 0·54 | 0·46, 0·62 | 0·59 | 0·43, 0·74 | 0·57 | 0·49, 0·65 | 0·71 | 0·55, 0·87 | ||
| Total bile acids (μmol/l) | 8 | 2·65 | 1·18, 4·12 | 3·11 | 0·33, 5·88 | 3·65 | 1·2, 6·11 | 1·65 | 1·3, 1·99 | |
| 26 | 3·18 | 1·64, 4·72 | 5·55 | 2·77, 8·32 | 1·30 | 1·05, 1·56 | 2·40 | 0·83, 3·96 | 0·759 | |
| 52 | 4·22 | 1·22, 7·23 | 7·03 | 0·39, 13·66 | 7·37 | 1·38, 13·36 | 2·92 | 1·53, 4·32 | ||
| GLDH (U/l) | 8 | 4·67 | 4·31, 5·04 | 4·54 | 4·19, 4·90 | 4·40 | 3·87, 4·92 | 4·62 | 4·19, 5·06 | |
| 26 | 5·23 | 4·50, 5·95 | 6·41 | 4·79, 8·04 | 4·70 | 4·12, 5·28 | 5·41 | 4·34, 6·48 | 0·355 | |
| 52 | 6·45 | 3·74, 9·15 | 5·10 | 4·02, 6·19 | 4·85 | 3·72, 5·98 | 5·86 | 3·98, 7·73 | ||
| bALP (pmol/l) | 8 | 87·9 | 81·7, 94·1 | 94·1 | 78·5, 109·8 | 88·7 | 76·7, 100·7 | 80·0 | 69·2, 90·8 | |
| 26 | 40·7 | 35·3, 46·1 | 43·0 | 38·3, 47·6 | 44·1 | 39·1, 49·0 | 38·3 | 33·2, 43·3 | 1·00 | |
| 52 | 15·9 | 12·0, 19·8 | 15·6 | 12·3, 18·9 | 16·3 | 12·8, 19·9 | 15·5 | 11·8, 19·1 | ||
| CTx (pg/ml) | 8 | 294 | 250, 338 | 324 | 255, 393 | 289 | 236, 342 | 333·1 | 277, 389 | |
| 26 | 646 | 547, 745 | 651 | 544, 759 | 605 | 521, 689 | 595 | 498, 692 | 1·00 | |
| 52 | 915 | 740, 1089 | 915 | 740, 1088 | 821 | 637, 1006 | 878 | 647, 1110 |
ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GLDH, glutamate dehydrogenase; bALP, bone-specific ALP; CTx, carboxyterminal telopeptides of type I collagen.
*
Data were analysed via mixed model.
†
5·24 μmol retinol (5000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) metabolisable energy (ME).
‡
13·10 μmol retinol (12 500 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) ME.
§
78·60 μmol retinol (75 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) ME.
∥
104·80 μmol retinol (100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) ME.
¶
Significance of difference between the treatment groups (Bonferroni corrected).