Table 1.
Descriptive statistics at the 12-month follow-up visita of the 101 children in the cIMT substudy included in analyses and the remaining 366 children in the CKiD cohort
| Characteristic | cIMT Substudy Cohortb (n=101) | CKiD Cohort without cIMT (n=366) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 12.4 (8.5–15.3) | 11.7 (8.2–15.9) | 0.60 |
| Male sex | 71 (70) | 211 (58) | 0.02 |
| White race | 80 (79) | 243 (66) | 0.01 |
| Height (m) | 1.48 (1.24–1.63) | 1.43 (1.23–1.60) | 0.15 |
| Tanner stage II–V | 59 (58) | 176 (48) | 0.07 |
| Birth weight ≥2500 g | 82 (81) | 297 (81) | 0.90 |
| Duration of CKD (yr) | 8.9 (5.0, 12.4) | 7.1 (4.0–10.7) | 0.01 |
| Nonglomerular CKD etiology | 86 (85) | 284 (78) | 0.10 |
| GFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 42.9 (28.9–54.0) | 44.6 (33.7–58.2) | 0.07 |
| BMI z score | 0.09 (−0.55 to 1.08) | 0.38 (−0.38 to 1.08) | 0.20 |
| BMI ≥85th percentile | 26 (26) | 95 (26) | 0.90 |
| Dyslipidemiac | 56 (55) | 159 (43) | 0.03 |
| HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dl | 28 (28) | 67 (18) | 0.04 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 45 (39–53) | 48 (41–57) | 0.06 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol >160 mg/dl | 18 (18) | 56 (15) | 0.50 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 128 (109–151) | 125 (106–146) | 0.30 |
| Triglycerides >130 mg/dl | 41 (41) | 117 (32) | 0.10 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 119 (86–162) | 102 (73–141) | 0.01 |
| Hypertensiond | 77 (76) | 274 (75) | 0.80 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg)e | 109 (102–114) | 106 (99–112) | 0.02 |
| Systolic BP indexf | 0.90 (0.84–0.94) | 0.88 (0.83–0.93) | 0.09 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg)e | 64 (58–69) | 66 (60–72) | 0.03 |
| Diastolic BP indexf | 0.80 (0.74–0.87) | 0.84 (0.76–0.93) | 0.001 |
| Taking antihypertensive medicationg | 71 (70) | 248 (68) | 0.60 |
| Calciume, mg/dl | 9.7 (9.5–9.9) | 9.6 (9.4–9.9) | 0.70 |
| Phosphoruse, mg/dl | 4.8 (4.2–5.1) | 4.6 (4.2–5.0) | 0.10 |
Data are median (interquartile range) or n (%). cIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; CKiD, Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study; BMI, body mass index.
Used baseline data if data were missing at 12-month follow-up visit.
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center (Cincinnati, OH; n=26), University of Texas (Houston, TX; n=26), British Columbia Children’s Hospital (Vancouver, BC; n=24), Children’s Mercy Hospital (Kansas City, MO; n=19), and Nationwide Children’s Hospital (Columbus, OH; n=13).
HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dl, non-HDL cholesterol ≥160 mg/dl, or triglycerides ≥130 mg/dl.
Defined as having an average systolic or diastolic BP from the baseline and 12-month follow-up visits ≥95th age-, sex-, and height-specific percentile, or if the participant reported hypertension at baseline or the 12-month follow-up visit, or if the participant reported using antihypertensive medication at baseline or at the 12-month follow-up visit.
Average of values from baseline and 12-month follow-up.
Measured systolic or diastolic BP/95th age-, sex-, and height-specific percentile BP; a value ≥1 is elevated. The average index from the baseline and 12-month follow-up is reported.
Used antihypertensive medication at the baseline or 12-month follow-up visit.