Table 1.
Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study population overall and by UACR
| Entire Cohort (n=3939) | UACR (μg/mg) (n=3791)a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 (n=1263) | Tertile 2 (n=1264) | Tertile 3 (n=1264) | P Value | ||
| Male | 2161 (54.9) | 589 (46.6) | 712 (56.3) | 775 (61.3) | <0.001 |
| Ever smoked | 2158 (54.8) | 659 (52.2) | 726 (57.4) | 703 (55.6) | 0.03 |
| Current smoker | 517 (13.1) | 121 (9.6) | 173 (13.7) | 201 (15.9) | <0.001 |
| Hypertensionb | 3391 (86.1) | 982 (77.8) | 1114 (88.1) | 1166 (92.3) | <0.001 |
| Diabetesc | 1907 (48.4) | 400 (31.7) | 605 (47.9) | 824 (65.2) | <0.001 |
| Age (yr) | 60 (52, 66) | 61 (55, 67) | 61.0 (54.0, 67.5) | 57 (48, 64) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30.9 (26.8, 36.1) | 30.5 (26.7, 35.6) | 30.7 (26.6, 35.6) | 31.6 (27.1, 37.3) | 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (gm/dl) | 12.5 (11.4, 13.8) | 13.0 (11.9, 14.1) | 12.6 (11.5, 13.8) | 12.1 (11.0, 13.3) | <0.001 |
| WBC (×103/μl) | 6.3 (5.2, 7.7) | 5.9 (4.9, 7.1) | 6.4 (5.2, 7.8) | 6.6 (5.4, 8.0) | <0.001 |
| Platelet count (103/μl) | 237 (195, 284) | 237 (195, 279) | 232 (191, 278) | 241 (200, 292) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 42.2 (32.6, 51.9) | 48.5 (39.9, 57.0) | 42.0 (32.7, 50.7) | 35.8 (28.1, 45.1) | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.7 (1.4, 2.1) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) | 1.7 (1.4, 2.1) | 2.0 (1.6, 2.6) | <0.001 |
| Serum cystatin C (mg/L) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.4) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.8) | 1.7 (1.4, 2.1) | <0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dl) | 26 (20, 36) | 22 (17, 28) | 27 (21, 37) | 32 (24, 42) | <0.001 |
| Acute phase protein | |||||
| Serum albumin (g/dl) | 4.0 (3.7, 4.2) | 4.1 (3.9, 4.3) | 4.1 (3.8, 4.3) | 3.7 (3.4, 4.0) | <0.001 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 2.6 (1.1, 6.5) | 2.2 (1.0, 5.9) | 2.8 (1.1, 7.0) | 2.7 (1.1, 6.5) | 0.002 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 4.0 (3.4, 4.8) | 3.7 (3.2, 4.4) | 4.0 (3.3, 4.6) | 4.5 (3.8, 5.3) | <0.001 |
| Cytokines | |||||
| IL-1β (pg/ml) | 0.2 (0, 1.3) | 0 (0, 0.9) | 0.2 (0, 1.2) | 0.4 (0, 1.8) | <0.001 |
| IL-1RA (pg/ml) | 715.7 (390.0, 1551.0) | 672.7 (360.2, 1404.1) | 676.2 (383.4, 1492.7) | 834.6 (419.4, 1732.6) | <0.001 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 1.9 (1.2, 3.2) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.5) | 2.0 (1.2, 3.3) | 2.2 (1.4, 3.5) | <0.001 |
| TNF-α (pg/ml) | 2.2 (1.5, 3.2) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.6) | 2.2 (1.5, 3.2) | 2.8 (1.9, 3.8) | <0.001 |
| TGF-β (pg/ml) | 11.0 (6.5, 17.9) | 10.4 (5.7, 17.5) | 10.6 (6.3, 17.2) | 11.6 (7.3, 18.7) | <0.001 |
Values are presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%). The chi-squared test was used for a variable presented as n (%), and the Kruskal–Wallis test was used for a variable presented as median (interquartile range). A value of 0 indicates that it was below the detection limit. P values <0.001 were significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. UACR, urine albumin to creatinine ratio; IQR, interquartile range; WBC, white cell count; eGFR, estimated GFR; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-1RA, IL-1 receptor antagonist.
Medians (IQRs) for UACR were as follows: 51.9 (8.7, 458.8) for all three tertiles; 5.5 (3.6, 8.7) for tertile 1; 51.9 (27.1, 113.3) for tertile 2; and 977.0 (458.1, 2239.4) for tertile 3.
Hypertension at entry was defined as either systolic BP ≥140 mmHg, diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive medications.
Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl, random glucose ≥200 mg/dl, or use of insulin or antidiabetic medication.